Trial reportBMC medicine2024
Effects of fructan and gluten on gut microbiota in individuals with self-reported non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity-a randomised controlled crossover trial.
Trial report in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02464150 (Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diet, the Gut Microbiome, and Mental Health: Mechanistic Perspectives.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Low-FODMAP and Gluten-Free Diets on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Nutritional Status, and Quality of Life in Irritable Bowel Syndrome.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Dietary Geranylgeraniol Mitigates Pain-Associated Behaviors via Improving Mitochondrial Function and Colon Integrity and Suppressing Neuroinflammation in Male Diabetic Neuropathy Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Living Gluten-Free in Romania: A National Cross-Sectional Study of Dietary Adherence in Clinically Diagnosed and Self-Reported Cases.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Non-Coeliac Wheat Sensitivity: Symptoms in Search of a Mechanism, or a Distinct Well-Defined Clinical Entity? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Investigating Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology Underlying Clinical Implications.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- FODMAP Diet in Celiac Disease and Gluten-Related Disorders.Nutrients · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCGWS) experience improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms following a gluten-free diet. Although previous results have indicated that fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a type of short-chain fructans, were more likely to induce symptoms than gluten in self-reported NCGWS patients, the underlying mechanisms are unresolved.
methodsOur main objective was therefore to investigate whether FOS-fructans and gluten affect the composition and diversity of the faecal microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing), faecal metabolites of microbial fermentation (short-chain fatty acids [SCFA]; gas chromatography with flame ionization detector), and a faecal biomarker of gut inflammation (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, also known as lipocalin 2, NGAL/LCN2; ELISA). In the randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study, 59 participants with self-reported NCGWS underwent three different 7-day diet challenges with gluten (5.7 g/day), FOS-fructans (2.1 g/day), and placebo separately (three periods, six challenge sequences).
resultsThe relative abundances of certain bacterial taxa were affected differently by the diet challenges. After the FOS-fructan challenge, Fusicatenibacter increased, while Eubacterium (E.) coprostanoligenes group, Anaerotruncus, and unknown Ruminococcaceae genera decreased. The gluten challenge was primarily characterized by increased abundance of Eubacterium xylanophilum group. However, no differences were found for bacterial diversity (α-diversity), overall bacterial community structure (β-diversity), faecal metabolites (SCFA), or NGAL/LCN2. Furthermore, gastrointestinal symptoms in response to FOS-fructans were generally not linked to substantial shifts in the gut bacterial community. However, the reduction in E. coprostanoligenes group following the FOS-fructan challenge was associated with increased gastrointestinal pain. Finally, correlation analysis revealed that changes in gastrointestinal symptoms following the FOS-fructan and gluten challenges were linked to varying bacterial abundances at baseline.
conclusionsIn conclusion, while FOS-fructans induced more gastrointestinal symptoms than gluten in the NCGWS patients, we did not find that substantial shifts in the composition nor function of the faecal microbiota could explain these differences in the current study. However, our results indicate that individual variations in baseline bacterial composition/function may influence the gastrointestinal symptom response to both FOS-fructans and gluten. Additionally, the change in E. coprostanoligenes group, which was associated with increased symptoms, implies that attention should be given to these bacteria in future trials investigating the impact of dietary treatments on gastrointestinal symptoms.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov as NCT02464150.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.