ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2024
Association of phthalates exposure and sex steroid hormones with late-onset preeclampsia: a case-control study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04369313 (Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neonatal Jaundice and Blood Gas Analysis in Infants Born to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers), which is not on this map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Delayed Cord Clamping on Neonatal Jaundice and Blood Gas Analysis in Infants Born to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Clinical Implications of Progesterone in Preeclampsia.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Associations of prenatal concentrations of environmental phthalates and phenols with preeclampsia.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Phthalates and epigenetics: An emerging public health concern.Current research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Distinct maternofetal immune signatures delineate preterm birth onset following urinary tract infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between phthalates exposure and estrogen and progesterone levels, as well as their role in late-onset preeclampsia.
methodsA total of 60 pregnant women who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited. Based on the diagnosis of preeclampsia, participants were divided into two groups: normotensive pregnant women (n = 30) and pregnant women with late-onset preeclampsia (n = 30). The major metabolites of phthalates (MMP, MEP, MiBP, MBP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP) and sex steroid hormones (estrogen and progesterone) were quantified in urine samples of the participants.
resultsNo significant differences were observed in the levels of MMP, MEP, MiBP, MBP, MEHP, MEOHP, and MEHHP between women with preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women (P > 0.05). The urinary estrogen showed a negative correlation with systolic blood pressure (rs= -0.46, P < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (rs= -0.47, P < 0.001). Additionally, the urinary estrogen and progesterone levels were lower in women with preeclampsia compared to those in normotensive pregnant women (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, we observed a significant association between reduced urinary estrogen levels and an increased risk of preeclampsia (aOR = 0.09, 95%CI = 0.02-0.46). Notably, in our decision tree model, urinary estrogen emerged as the most crucial variable for identifying pregnant women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia. A positive correlation was observed between urinary progesterone and MEHP (rs = 0.36, P < 0.05) in normotensive pregnant women. A negative correlation was observed between urinary estrogen and MEP in pregnant women with preeclampsia (rs= -0.42, P < 0.05).
conclusionsPhthalates exposure was similar in normotensive pregnant women and those with late-onset preeclampsia within the same region. Pregnant women with preeclampsia had lower levels of estrogen and progesterone in their urine, while maternal urinary estrogen was negatively correlated with the risk of preeclampsia and phthalate metabolites (MEP).
trial registrationRegistration ID in Clinical Trials: NCT04369313; registration date: 30/04/2020.
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