Evidence mapPaperPMID 39234207Full record

ReviewAging medicine (Milton (N.S.W))2024

Frailty and chronic diseases: A bi-directional relationship.

Urza Bhattarai, Bijaya Bashyal, Anu Shrestha, Binu Koirala, Sanjib Kumar Sharma

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Impact of Frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale) on Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Urza BhattaraiDepartment of Internal Medicine B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5895-1405
Bijaya BashyalB.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8814-442X
Anu ShresthaB.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal.
Binu KoiralaJohn Hopkins School of Nursing Baltimore Maryland USA.
Sanjib Kumar SharmaDepartment of Internal Medicine B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences Dharan Nepal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome associated with a decline in reserve capacity across multiple organ systems involving physical, psychological, and social aspects. Weakness is the earliest indicator of the frailty process. Multi-morbidity is the state of presence of two or more chronic diseases. Frailty and chronic diseases are interlinked as frail individuals are more prone to develop chronic diseases and multi-morbid individuals may present with frailty. They share common risk factors, pathogenesis, progression, and outcomes. Significant risk factors include obesity, smoking, aging, sedentary, and stressful lifestyle. Pathophysiological mechanisms involve high levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines as seen in individuals with frailty and chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and anemia. Hence, frailty and chronic diseases go hand in hand and it is of utmost importance to identify them and intervene during early stages. Screening frailty and treating multi-morbidity incorporate both pharmacological and majorly non- pharmacological measures, such as physical activities, nutrition, pro-active care, minimizing polypharmacy and addressing reversible medical conditions. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the interrelation of frailty and chronic diseases through the discussion of their predictors and outcomes and how timely interventions are essential to prevent the progression of one to the other.

Indexed as

chronic diseasesfrailty

Identifiers

PMID39234207
PMCPMC11369349

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.