Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39238074›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Comparison of Patients With Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome and Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome.

Catherine M Spagnuolo, Jian Wang, Adam D McIntyre, Brooke A Kennedy, Robert A Hegele

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Genetic Determinants of Severe Hypertriglyceridemia: Rare Variants inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. An Updated Review of Novel Triglyceride-Lowering Therapies in Adults with Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2026
    Review
  4. Course of Pregnancies and Occurrence of Acute Pancreatitis in Women With Chylomicronemia.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. An overview of persistent chylomicronemia: much more than meets the eye.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2025
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Catherine M SpagnuoloDepartment of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7.
Jian WangRobarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7.
Adam D McIntyreRobarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7.
Brooke A KennedyRobarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7.
Robert A HegeleDepartment of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7.ORCID 0000-0003-2861-5325

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextPatients with rare familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) and relatively common multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS) both express severe hypertriglyceridemia, defined as plasma triglyceride concentration ≥10 mmol/L (≥885 mg/dL). Clinically there can be confusion between the 2 conditions.

objectiveTo compare clinical and biochemical phenotypes in patients with genotypically characterized FCS and MCS.

methodsWe performed targeted sequencing of DNA from 193 patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, classified them as having either FCS or MCS, and compared clinical and biochemical characteristics.

resultsPatients with FCS were significantly younger than patients with MCS (31.4 ± 16.7 vs 51.0 ± 11.3 years; P = .003), with earlier age at symptom onset (15.0 ± 15.8 vs 37.8 ± 8.8 years; P = .00066), lower body mass index (23.3 ± 3.1 vs 30.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2; P = .000016), and higher prevalence of pancreatitis events (81.8% vs 35.2%; P = .003). Furthermore, patients with FCS had a higher ratio of triglyceride to total cholesterol (ie, 4.18 ± 0.92 vs 1.08 ± 0.51; P < .0001) and lower plasma apolipoprotein B (ie, 0.56 ± 0.15 vs 1.02 ± 0.43 g/L; P < .0001) than patients with MCS. Patients with MCS with heterozygous pathogenic variants had a relatively more severe clinical presentation than other MCS genetic subgroups.

conclusionPatients with FCS have notable phenotypic differences from patients with MCS, although there is overlap. While genetic analysis of patients with persistent severe hypertriglyceridemia can definitively diagnose FCS, 8.8% of patients with MCS with sustained refractory hypertriglyceridemia behave functionally as if they have FCS, which should influence their eligibility for novel therapies for severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Indexed as

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IAdultAgedFemaleHumansHypertriglyceridemiaMaleMiddle AgedPhenotypeTriglyceridesYoung AdultTriglyceridesacute pancreatitisfamilial chylomicronemia syndromehypertriglyceridemiamultifactorial chylomicronemia syndromepathogenic varianttype 1 hyperlipoproteinemia

Identifiers

PMID39238074
PMCPMC11913094

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.