Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39250923›Full record

SynthesisThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2024

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a prospective meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Claire Vale, Peter J Godolphin, David Fisher, Peter W Horby, Mikhail N Kosiborod, Judith S Hochman, Katie Webster, Julian P T Higgins, Andrew D Althouse, Otavio Berwanger and 14 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: Focus on Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Claire ValeMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK.
Peter J GodolphinMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK.
David FisherMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology, UCL, London, UK.
Peter W HorbyPandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Mikhail N KosiborodSaint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Judith S HochmanNew York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Katie WebsterPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Julian P T HigginsPopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Andrew D AlthouseUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Otavio BerwangerGeorge Institute for Global Health UK at Imperial College London, London, UK.
Remo H M FurtadoInstituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Samvel B GasparyanLate-stage Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Richard HaynesMRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Gary G KochDepartment of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Martin LandrayNuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Eric LeiferNational Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
John MarshallLi Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Srinivas MurthyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Matthew D NealUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Natalie StaplinMRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Janet DiazClinical Unit, Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jonathan A C SternePopulation Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; HDR UK South West, Bristol, UK; NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK.
Manu Shankar-HariCentre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Electronic address: manu.shankar-hari@ed.ac.uk.
WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been proposed as a potential treatment for adults hospitalised with COVID-19, due to their potential anti-inflammatory and endothelial protective effects. Published evidence from randomised control trials (RCTs) does not provide evidence of benefit. We aimed to estimate the effect of oral administration of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with usual care or placebo in adults hospitalised with COVID-19.

methodsEligible RCTs that estimated the effect of oral administration of SGLT2 inhibitors compared with usual care or placebo on 28-day all-cause mortality (primary outcome) were included in this prospective meta-analysis. The primary safety outcome was ketoacidosis by 28 days. Trials were identified through systematic searches of ClinicalTrials.gov, EudraCT, and the WHO ISRCTN registry between Nov 1, 2022 and Jan 31, 2023. The search terms were "random*" AND "COVID" AND each SGLT2i, not restricted by trial status or language. Individual searches were then combined. Prespecified summary outcome data, overall and within subgroups of interest, were provided by each trial. The primary analyses were inverse variance weighted meta-analysis of odds ratios (ORs). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023406442.

findingsThree eligible trials randomly assigned 6096 participants (3025 to the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 3071 to the usual care or placebo group). 2381 (39%) patients were women and 1547 (25%) had type 2 diabetes at randomisation. By 28 days, there were 351 deaths in the SGLT2 inhibitor group and 382 deaths in the usual care or placebo group (summary OR 0·93 [95% CI 0·79-1·08]; p=0·33, I

interpretationAlthough administration of SGLT2 inhibitor was safe, we found no clear evidence that adding SGLT2 inhibitor therapy improved outcomes in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 compared with usual care or placebo. These data do not support the use of SGLT2 inhibitors as standard treatment in adults hospitalised for COVID-19.

fundingNone.

Indexed as

COVID-19HospitalizationRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSARS-CoV-2Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 InhibitorsCOVID-19 Drug TreatmentDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansMaleProspective StudiesTreatment OutcomeSodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID39250923

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.