Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39251839›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2025

Urinary tract infections: pathogenesis, host susceptibility and emerging therapeutics.

Morgan R Timm, Seongmi K Russell, Scott J Hultgren

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Global prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Urinary tract infections in children.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Morgan R Timm *Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-9508
Seongmi K Russell *Department of Paediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2012-4492
Scott J HultgrenDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. hultgren@wustl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8785-564X

Funding

Rational design and synthesis of small molecule inhibitors targeting unique pathogenic mechanisms in Gram- and Gram+ bacteria important in UTIU19AI157797 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI JANETKA, JAMES W · 2021 to 2025
$11.4M
PATHOGENIC FIBER FORMATION IN BACTERIA: STRUCTURAL BASISR01AI048689 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HULTGREN, SCOTT J. · 2001 to 2020
$7.6M
Pediatric Gastroenterology Research Training ProgramT32DK077653 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI PHILLIP I TARR · 2007 to 2026
$5.8M
CHAPERONE-ASSISTED PILI ASSEMBLY IN PATHOGENIC E. COLIR01AI029549 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI HULTGREN, SCOTT J., YUAN, PENG · 1991 to 2023
$5.7M
Epidemiologic and molecular basis of the gut-urinary tract axis in urinary tract infectionR01DK121822 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ashlee Miriam Earl, SCOTT J. HULTGREN · 2020 to 2026
$4.9M
Mucosal Immune Defense Mechanisms of the Urinary BladderR01DK132327 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MARCO COLONNA, SCOTT J. HULTGREN · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
Novel therapeutics for treatment of catheter-associated UTI and depletion of the vaginal reservoirF30DK135390 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI TIMM, MORGAN ROSE WILT · 2023 to 2025
$123k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI029549NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI048689NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI157797NIDDK NIH HHS F30 DK135390NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK121822NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK132327NIDDK NIH HHS T32 DK077653
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), which include any infection of the urethra, bladder or kidneys, account for an estimated 400 million infections and billions of dollars in health-care spending per year. The most common bacterium implicated in UTI is uropathogenic Escherichia coli, but diverse pathogens including Klebsiella, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and even yeast such as Candida species can also cause UTIs. UTIs occur in both women and men and in both healthy and immunocompromised patients. However, certain patient factors predispose to disease: for example, female sex, history of prior UTI, or the presence of a urinary catheter or other urinary tract abnormality. The current clinical paradigm for the treatment of UTIs involves the use of antibiotics. Unfortunately, the efficacy of this approach is dwindling as the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance rises among UTI isolates, and the immense quantity of antibiotics prescribed annually for these infections contributes to the emergence of resistant pathogens. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new antibiotics and non-antibiotic treatment and prevention strategies. In this Review, we discuss how recent studies of bacterial pathogenesis, recurrence, persistence, host-pathogen interactions and host susceptibility factors have elucidated new and promising targets for the treatment and prevention of UTIs.

Indexed as

Host-Pathogen InteractionsUrinary Tract InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaDisease SusceptibilityFemaleHumansMaleAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID39251839
PMCPMC13194463

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.