Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39256221›Full record

ArticleClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2025

EASIX (endothelial activation and stress index) predicts mortality in patients with coronary artery disease.

Daniel Finke, Hauke Hund, Norbert Frey, Thomas Luft, Lorenz H Lehmann

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed.

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  3. Longitudinal Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) trajectories and mortality risk in chronic heart failure.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
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  14. Association of the Modified Endothelial Activation and Stress Index with MASLD and Liver Fibrosis: Effect Modification by Magnesium Intake.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Daniel FinkeDepartment of Cardiology, Medizinische Klinik III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Hauke HundDepartment of Cardiology, Medizinische Klinik III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Norbert FreyDepartment of Cardiology, Medizinische Klinik III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
Thomas Luft *Department of Oncology and Haematology, Medizinische Klinik V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. thomas.luft@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
Lorenz H Lehmann *Department of Cardiology, Medizinische Klinik III, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. lorenz.lehmann@med.uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-8580

Funding

DZHK 81X3500139
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCoronary interventions reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, the risk of mortality for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) additionally depends on their systemic endothelial health status. The 'Endothelial Activation and Stress Index' (EASIX) predicts endothelial complications and survival in diverse clinical settings.

objectiveWe hypothesized that EASIX may predict mortality in patients with CAD.

methodsIn 1283 patients undergoing coronary catheterization (CC) and having a diagnosis of CAD, EASIX was measured within 52 days (range - 1 year to - 14 days) before CC and correlated with overall survival. In an independent validation cohort of 1934 patients, EASIXval was measured within 174 days (+ 28 days to + 11 years) after CC.

resultsEASIX predicted the risk of mortality after CC (per log2: hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval: [1.18-1.41], p < 0.001) in multivariable Cox regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, a high-grade coronary stenosis ≥ 90%, left ventricular ejection fraction, arterial hypertension and diabetes. In the independent cohort, EASIX correlated with EASIXval with rho = 0.7. The long-term predictive value of EASIXval was confirmed (per log2: HR 1.53, [1.42-1.64], p < 0.001) and could be validated by integrated Brier score and concordance index. Pre-established cut-offs (0.88-2.32) associated with increased mortality (cut-off 0.88: HR training: 1.63; HR validation: 1.67, p < 0.0001 and cut-off 2.32: HR training: 3.57; HR validation: 4.65, p < 0.0001).

conclusionsWe validated EASIX as a potential biomarker to predict death of CAD patients, irrespective of the timing either before or after catheterization.

Indexed as

Coronary Artery DiseaseEndothelium, VascularAgedCardiac CatheterizationFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPredictive Value of TestsPrognosisRisk AssessmentRisk FactorsSurvival RateTime FactorsAllogeneic stem cell transplantationCoronary artery diseaseCreatinineEASIXEndothelial activation and stress indexEndothelial dysfunctionHeart failureHs-cTnTLactate dehydrogenaseLDHLeft ventricular ejection fractionLVEFMortality predictionNT-proBNPPlateletsTA-TMAThrombocytesTransplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy

Identifiers

PMID39256221
PMCPMC12283470

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.