Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39256355›Full record

ReviewSignal transduction and targeted therapy2024

Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.

Yuncong Shi, Jianshuai Ma, Sijin Li, Chao Liu, Yuning Liu, Jie Chen, Ningning Liu, Shiming Liu, Hui Huang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Redesigning medicine: integrating sex and gender for better health outcomes.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Yuncong ShiDepartment of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Jianshuai MaDepartment of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Sijin LiDepartment of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Chao LiuDepartment of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Yuning LiuDepartment of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Jie ChenDepartment of Radiotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Ningning LiuDepartment of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9587-2332
Shiming LiuDepartment of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. liushiming@gzhmu.edu.cn.
Hui HuangDepartment of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China. huangh8@mail.sysu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0001-5716-4012

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82061160372National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82073408National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82270771National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82330021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sex characteristics exhibit significant disparities in various human diseases, including prevalent cardiovascular diseases, cancers, metabolic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Risk profiles and pathological manifestations of these diseases exhibit notable variations between sexes. The underlying reasons for these sex disparities encompass multifactorial elements, such as physiology, genetics, and environment. Recent studies have shown that human body systems demonstrate sex-specific gene expression during critical developmental stages and gene editing processes. These genes, differentially expressed based on different sex, may be regulated by androgen or estrogen-responsive elements, thereby influencing the incidence and presentation of cardiovascular, oncological, metabolic, immune, and neurological diseases across sexes. However, despite the existence of sex differences in patients with human diseases, treatment guidelines predominantly rely on male data due to the underrepresentation of women in clinical trials. At present, there exists a substantial knowledge gap concerning sex-specific mechanisms and clinical treatments for diverse diseases. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the advances of sex differences on human diseases by examining epidemiological factors, pathogenesis, and innovative progress of clinical treatments in accordance with the distinctive risk characteristics of each disease and provide a new theoretical and practical basis for further optimizing individualized treatment and improving patient prognosis.

Indexed as

Sex CharacteristicsAutoimmune DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHumansMaleMetabolic DiseasesNeoplasmsNeurodegenerative DiseasesSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID39256355
PMCPMC11387494

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.