ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2024
Association of haemoglobin glycation index with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in diabetic kidney disease: a cohort study.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-specific in the nonlinear associations of hemoglobin glycation index and all-cause mortality in the general US adult population: results from NHANES 1999-2018.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin glycation index and short-term mortality in sepsis: a retrospective cohort study with external validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association between hemoglobin glycation index and all-cause mortality in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: based on MIMIC-IV database.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Age-related variation in hemoglobin glycation index and stroke mortality: mediation and machine learning in a cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between the Hemoglobin Glycation Index (HGI) and Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Comparative prognostic value of hemoglobin glycation index and glycation gap for mortality risk in adults: A population-based study.Diabetes & vascular disease researchArticle
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Abstract
backgroundWhile the high haemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been extensively investigated in diabetic populations, its impact on patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear.
methodsWe examined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2018. HGI was determined using the formula recommended by Hempe et al., which calculates the difference between measured and predicted HbA1c. Predicted HbA1c was derived from the equation: 0.024 FPG + 3.1. National death index records up to December 31, 2019, were utilized to assess mortality outcomes. To estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for both all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, we utilized Cox proportional hazard models. A restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to explore the potential nonlinear relationship between HGI levels and mortality.
resultsOur cohort study comprised data from 1,057 participants with DKD (mean [SE] age, 61.61 [0.57] years; 48.24% female). The mean HGI level was 0.44 (SE 0.04). Over a median follow-up period of 6.67 years, we observed 381 deaths, including 140 due to CVD. Compared with participants in the second tertile of HGI levels (0.03-0.74), those in the lowest tertile of HGI (-5.29-0.02) exhibited an all-cause mortality hazard ratio of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.02-1.88) and a CVD mortality hazard ratio of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.67-1.81). Conversely, participants in the highest tertile (0.75-9.60) demonstrated an all-cause mortality hazard ratio of 1.48 (95% CI, 1.05-2.08) and a CVD mortality hazard ratio of 2.06 (95% CI, 1.13-3.77) after further adjusting for HbA1c and other important variables. Additionally, a restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between HGI and all-cause mortality (P < 0.001 for nonlinearity) and a J-shaped relationship between HGI and CVD mortality (P = 0.044 for nonlinearity).
conclusionsOur cohort study suggests that HGI in DKD populations exhibits a U-shaped association with all-cause mortality and a J-shaped association with CVD mortality, independent of HbA1c levels.
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