SynthesisJournal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing2025
The effects of applying artificial intelligence to triage in the emergency department: A systematic review of prospective studies.
Synthesis in Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-Based Nursing Interventions for Chronic Illness Care: Umbrella Review.JMIR nursing · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring an AI-driven dynamic triage system for real-time patient risk reassessment in emergency departments in low-resource settings.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of applying artificial intelligence to triage in the emergency department: A systematic review of prospective studies.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Perception and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in Emergency Medicine: A multi-country study in Sub-Saharan Africa.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2026Article
- Subgroup Differences in Agreement Between an Algorithm Guided Large Language Model and Routine Emergency Department Triage.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Review
- AI and Its Shifting Roles in the Therapeutic Relationship: Implications for Precision Medicine.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Evaluation of large language models in emergency medicine scenarios: a comparative analysis of ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-o3mini, Gemini 2.0-pro, and DeepSeek-R1.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Overtriage and Undertriage of Children Presenting to the Emergency Department for Behavioral Health.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Nursing Students' Experiences With Artificial Intelligence: A Qualitative Study on Education, Clinical Practice, and Future Expectations.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Article
- Application of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Performance and safety of a fine-tuned small language model for pediatric emergency triage: A benchmark study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Change Fatigue and Attitudes Toward AI in County-Level Nurses: The Mediating Role of AI Literacy.Journal of nursing management · 2026Article
- Advancing precision triage in strangulated small bowel obstruction: from static scores to dynamic multiparametric models.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- Evaluating GPT-4o for emergency disposition of complex respiratory cases with pulmonology consultation: a diagnostic accuracy study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Observational
- Role of artificial intelligence in virtual emergency care: a protocol for a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Leveraging large language models for automated detection of velopharyngeal dysfunction in patients with cleft palate.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAccurate and rapid triage can reduce undertriage and overtriage, which may improve emergency department flow. This study aimed to identify the effects of a prospective study applying artificial intelligence-based triage in the clinical field.
designSystematic review of prospective studies.
methodsCINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, ProQuest, KISS, and RISS were searched from March 9 to April 18, 2023. All the data were screened independently by three researchers. The review included prospective studies that measured outcomes related to AI-based triage. Three researchers extracted data and independently assessed the study's quality using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) protocol.
resultsOf 1633 studies, seven met the inclusion criteria for this review. Most studies applied machine learning to triage, and only one was based on fuzzy logic. All studies, except one, utilized a five-level triage classification system. Regarding model performance, the feed-forward neural network achieved a precision of 33% in the level 1 classification, whereas the fuzzy clip model achieved a specificity and sensitivity of 99%. The accuracy of the model's triage prediction ranged from 80.5% to 99.1%. Other outcomes included time reduction, overtriage and undertriage checks, mistriage factors, and patient care and prognosis outcomes.
conclusionTriage nurses in the emergency department can use artificial intelligence as a supportive means for triage. Ultimately, we hope to be a resource that can reduce undertriage and positively affect patient health. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: We have registered our review in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42023415232).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.