Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39278253›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2024

Mental time travel in the rat.

Jonathon D Crystal

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Rats replay episodic memories in context.Current biology : CB · 2026
    Article
  2. Rehoming Laboratory Rats: Exploring Perceptions of Rehomers, Animal Technicians, and Biomedical Researchers.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026
    Article
  3. Distinct mechanisms and functions of episodic memory.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Jonathon D CrystalDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10TH ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-4560-1818

Funding

Division of Behavioral and Cognitive SciencesNational Science Foundation NSF/BCS-1946039
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

I outline the perspective that searching the contents of memory is a form of mental time travel (MTT) in non-humans that is relatively tractable because it focuses on the contents of memory. I propose that an animal model of MTT requires three elements: (i) the animal remembers multiple events using episodic memory, (ii) the order of events in time is included in the representation, and (iii) the sequence of events can be searched to find a target that occurred at a particular time. I review experiments suggesting that rats represent multiple items in episodic memory (element 1) in order of occurrence (element 2) and engage in memory replay to search representations in episodic memory in sequential order to find information at particular points in the sequence (element 3). The cognitive building blocks needed for MTT may be quite old in the evolutionary timescale.This article is part of the theme issue 'Elements of episodic memory: lessons from 40 years of research'.

Indexed as

Memory, EpisodicAnimalsCognitionModels, AnimalRatsanimal modelepisodic-like memoryepisodic memoryincidental encodingmental time travelunexpected question

Identifiers

PMID39278253
PMCPMC11449164

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.