Trial reportNature medicine2024
Neoadjuvant nivolumab and relatlimab in locally advanced MMR-deficient colon cancer: a phase 2 trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Novel IO Combinations in Early-stage Colon Cancer (Amended Protocol of: Nivolumab, Ipilimumab and COX2-inhibition in Early Stage Colon Cancer: an Unbiased Approach for Signals of Sensitivity: The NICHE TRIAL)
TKRCD-MSI Study: Current Microsatellite Stability Findings in Colon Cancer - Nationwide Experience From Turkey
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Safety of immune checkpoint modulators beyond PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- Discordance between radiological and pathological response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The neoadjuvant immunotherapy for non-metastatic mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Tumour immune microenvironment prognostic factors in locally advanced rectal cancer, a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant therapy of iparomlimab and tuvonralimab combined with chemotherapy-extenuated for locally advanced cervical cancer (NICE-CC): an investigator-initiated, multicentre, open-label, phase II trial.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Trial
- Atezolizumab plus FOLFOX for Stage III Mismatch Repair-Deficient Colon Cancer.The New England journal of medicine · 2026Trial
- Adjuvant nivolumab and relatlimab in stage III/IV melanoma: the randomized phase 3 RELATIVITY-098 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 adaptive trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Research progress on the molecular mechanisms of PD-1 and LAG-3 synergy in regulating T cell exhaustion and immunotherapy.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Resectable Colon Cancer: Evidence, Controversies, and an Implementation Roadmap for 2026.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Localized dMMR/MSI-H Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review of Pathological Response and Surgical Outcomes.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Paradigm Shifts in Perioperative Management of Colorectal Cancer: Personalization Based on Tumor Biology, Primary Site, and Recurrence Risk, and the Evolving Role of Organ Preservation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Female Oncofertility in Colorectal Cancer: Reproductive Uncertainties and Potential Benefits of Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of vitamin D on the colon cancer immune microenvironment: results of a randomized clinical trial of preoperative vitamin D supplementation in patients with stage I-III colon cancer.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Watch-and-wait in rectal cancer: A critical appraisal of promise, perils and unresolved contours of organ preservation (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- Updates of CSCO guidelines for colorectal cancer version 2026.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Combination Immunotherapy as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance: From Emergence to Next-Generation Approaches.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- High intratumoral CD8 positive T cell infiltration associated with pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced colon cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is found in approximately 15% of non-metastatic colon cancers (CCs) and is characterized by a defective DNA mismatch repair system, resulting in hypermutated and highly immunogenic tumors. Although patients with dMMR CC have limited benefit from chemotherapy, these tumors have been shown to respond exceptionally well to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4, with high rates of pathologic responses. Here, based on data from melanoma studies, we postulated a high efficacy and favorable toxicity profile of anti-PD-1 plus anti-LAG-3. In the NICHE-3 study, a total of 59 patients with locally advanced dMMR CC were treated with two 4-weekly cycles of nivolumab (480 mg) plus relatlimab (480 mg) before surgery. Pathologic response was observed in 57 of 59 (97%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 88-100%) patients, meeting the primary endpoint. Responses included 54 (92%; 95% CI: 81-97%) major pathologic responses (≤10% residual viable tumor) and 40 (68%; 95% CI: 54-79%) pathologic complete responses. With a median follow-up of 8 months (range, 2-19), one patient had recurrence of disease. The treatment displayed an acceptable safety profile, with all-grade and grade 3-4 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurring in 80% and 10% of patients, respectively. The most common irAEs were infusion-related reactions (29%), thyroid dysfunction (22%) and fatigue (20%). In conclusion, our results show that neoadjuvant nivolumab/relatlimab induces high rates of pathologic responses and that further investigation of this treatment in larger studies is warranted. These data add to the body of evidence in support of neoadjuvant immunotherapy regimens in dMMR CC. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03026140 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.