ReviewGlobal epidemiology2024
Incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.
Review in Global epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Review: progression and heterogeneity of multiple sources of mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance of Autoimmune Diseases Following Bivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in China.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Menière's disease clinical subtypes and baseline characteristics in a Dutch patient cohort.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Comorbid Inflammatory Diseases in Behçet's Disease: A Multicenter Large Cohort Study.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Observational
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in the Swedish National Patient Register.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Identification of Potential Nontoxic HumanACS omega · 2025Article
- Comorbidities and Their Influence on Outcomes and Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- [Prevalence characteristics of autoimmune thyroid disease in women aged 10-59 years in Qingdao City from 2022 to 2024].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2025Article
- Fluorescent probes in autoimmune disease research: current status and future prospects.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Epidemiological Analysis of Antinuclear Antibodies Positivity and Pattern Distribution in a Taiwanese Hospital-Based Cohort.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Risk of uveitis among children with autoimmune diseases: a nationwide matched-cohort study of 3,643 cases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Differential diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis: The importance of pathological anatomy.Journal of biological methods · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune diseases account for a substantial burden of disease in high-income countries, including Europe and North America. However, their epidemiology remains under-researched in other regions. We examined the incidence and prevalence of eight autoimmune diseases in the adult Chinese population through a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Methods: We searched OvidSP MEDLINE and Google Scholar from 1995 to 2023 (inclusive) for articles on the incidence or prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AT), Graves' disease (GD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), multiple sclerosis (MS), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We included studies from mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong or Macau. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021225842). Findings: We retrieved 2278 records, of which 62 studies (161 estimates) were included in the systematic review, and 42 studies (101 estimates) were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled fixed-effects estimates for incidence of CD, UC, MS, T1D and SLE were 0.22 (95% CI 0.21-0.23), 1.13 (1.10-1.17), 0.28 (0.26-0.30), 2.20 (1.70-2.84) and 4.87 (4.21-5.64) per 100,000 persons, respectively. For RA, one study estimate was included, with an incidence of 15.8 per 100,000 persons. Fixed-effects estimates for the prevalence of CD, UC, MS, SLE, RA, GD and AT were 3.73 (95% CI 3.68-3.78), 16.11 (15.93-16.29), 4.08 (3.95-4.21), 93.44 (92.27-94.63), 104 (103-106), 450 (422-481) and 2322 (2057-2620), respectively, per 100,000 persons. Across all conditions, women were almost twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. Interpretation: There is marked variation in the frequency of autoimmune diseases among Chinese adults. We estimate that 2.7-3.0% (>31 million people) of the adult Chinese population have one or more autoimmune diseases, comparable to Western populations, with the majority of the burden from autoimmune thyroid diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.