ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2024
The impact of sex on HIV immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Impact of sex differences in adult and paediatric HIV-1 cure.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Limited Sex-Based Differences in Viral Outcomes of ART-Treated SIV/SHIV Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Gut-Immune Axis in Treated HIV Infection: From Mucosal Damage to Chronic Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities-A Clinician-Oriented Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Factors Influencing HIV Infection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine in maternal viral infections: advancing prenatal therapies for fetal protection.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Enhanced TLR7-induced interferon responses in women living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Moderate agreement between the spot albumin‒Creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine albumin (UA) among virally suppressed adults living with HIV in botswana: a cross sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Epidemiologic Characteristics of Chronic Hepatitis B and Coinfections with Hepatitis C Virus or Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Korea: A Nationwide Claims-Based Study Using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Guide to the Evolving Clinical Landscape of Low-Level Viremia Among Persons with HIV in the Modern Treatment Era.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Sex-specific associations between cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers and cognition in antiretroviral-naïve people with HIV in rural Uganda.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Innate lymphoid cells in HIV pathogenesis and in the human female genital tract.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- No associations between HIV reservoir and inflammation in long-term virally suppressed dolutegravir-based ART-treated individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Globally, the majority of people living with HIV are women or girls, but they have been a minority of participants in clinical trials and observational studies of HIV. Despite this underrepresentation, differences in the pathogenesis of HIV have been observed between men and women, with contributions from both gender- and sex-based factors. These include differences in the risk of HIV acquisition, in viral load set point and immune activation in responses to viremia, and differences in HIV reservoir maintenance. These differences obligate adequate study in both males and females in order to optimize treatments, but also provide a powerful leverage point for delineating the mechanisms of HIV pathogenesis. The shifts in exposure to sex steroid hormones across a lifespan introduce additional complexity, which again can be used to focus on either genetic or hormonal influences as the driver of an outcome. In this Review, we discuss consistent and reproducible differences by sex across the spectrum of HIV, from acquisition through pathogenesis, treatment, and cure, and explore potential mechanisms and gaps in knowledge.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.