ArticleJournal of clinical lipidology
Race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status affect the assessment of lipoprotein(a) levels in clinical practice.
Article in Journal of clinical lipidology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Lipoprotein (a) in the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Lipoprotein(a) testing in an outpatient cardiology clinic: A quality improvement initiative.Journal of clinical lipidology · 2026Article
- Association of lipoprotein(a), oxidized phospholipids and apolipoprotein B100 in acute ischemic stroke cohort.Advances in lipoprotein(a) research · 2026Article
- Ancestral Variation in Lp(a): Epidemiology, Isoform Diversity, and Testing.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Lp(a): Global Public Health Concern: Emerging Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveHigh lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), however Lp(a) ordering in clinical practice is low. This study examines how race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status influence Lp(a) ordering.
methodsThis is a single center, retrospective study (2/1/2020-6/30/2023) using electronic medical records of adults with at least one personal ICD-10 diagnosis of ASCVD, aortic valve stenosis, resistant hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >160 mg/dL on statin therapy), and family history of ASCVD or high Lp(a). We evaluated Lp(a) level differences among racial/ethnic groups and sexes. We also assessed associations between diagnosis type, diagnosis number, age at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic score (based on zip codes), public health coverage and the presence of Lp(a) orders.
results4% of our cohort (N=2,249 in 56,833) had an Lp(a) order (17.3% of whom identified as Hispanic, 8.7% non-Hispanic Black, 47.5% non-Hispanic White, and 27% Asian/other). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had lower rates of Lp(a) orders (0.17% and 0.28%, respectively) when compared to non-Hispanic White patients (2.35%), p < 0.001, however, their median Lp(a) levels were higher, p < 0.001. Individuals on Medicaid or belonging to deprived socioeconomic groups were less likely to have an Lp(a) order (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.40, p < 0.001 and IRR = 0.39, p < 0.001 respectively). Certain diagnosis (carotid stenosis, family history of ASCVD and familial hypercholesterolemia) and multiple diagnoses (>2) resulted in more Lp(a) orders compared to only one diagnosis (p < 0.001).
conclusionsLp(a) ordering is low in patients with or at risk for ASCVD. Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients are less likely to have an Lp(a) order. Individuals on Medicaid and residing in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods are less likely to have an Lp(a) order. Lp(a) orders depend on the type and number of patients' diagnoses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.