ArticleJournal of applied toxicology : JAT2025
Reference gene considerations for toxicological assessment of the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate in an in vitro fish embryonic model.
Article in Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Triphenyl phosphate induces coordinated DNA methylation and gene expression changes in aquatic embryonic cells.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Article
- Reference gene considerations for toxicological assessment of the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate in an in vitro fish embryonic model.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The reliability of relative quantification RT-qPCR depends upon the gene of interest being normalized to one or more reference genes, with the assumption that the chosen reference genes do not experience altered expression with experimental conditions. The correct choice of stable reference genes is critical when investigating alterations to gene transcript levels following exposure to endocrine and metabolic disrupting chemicals, such as the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). This study assessed the stability of eight reference genes following TPhP exposure in embryonic cells derived from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The genes β-actin (actb) and 18s rRNA (18s) were stable, while glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) relative expression was found to be increased. gapdh is a popular reference gene and has been previously used in the literature for investigating TPhP exposure in teleost fish models. We discuss the implications of gapdh upregulation in the context of TPhP as a metabolic disrupting chemical. Furthermore, we quantified the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53 following TPhP exposure in relation to different reference genes to use as an example to report on how discrepancies in findings might arise depending on the stability of the chosen reference gene.
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Registered trials
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