Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39300271›Full record

ReviewNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2024

Memory engram stability and flexibility.

Yosif Zaki, Denise J Cai

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Refinement of Nucleus Accumbens Neuronal Dynamics during Cocaine Self-Administration Training.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Reductionism in Engram Neuroscience.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. REM refines and rescues memory representations: a new theory.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Yosif ZakiNash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8167-0182
Denise J CaiNash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. denisecai@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-7729-0523

Funding

Circuit Mechanisms of Retrospective Memory-LinkingR01MH120162 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI Denise Jade Cai · 2020 to 2026
$3.9M
How does the brain maximize storage capacity?DP2MH122399 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CAI, DENISE JADE · 2019 to 2020
$2.6M
Fear and anxiety circuit mechanisms in anterior hypothalamic nucleusR56MH132959 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI CAI, DENISE JADE · 2023 to 2024
$1.3M
Linking memories through hippocampal ensemble reactivationF31MH126543 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI ZAKI, YOSIF · 2021 to 2023
$136k
NIMH NIH HHS DP2 MH122399NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH126543NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH120162NIMH NIH HHS R56 MH132959U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) F31MH126543
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many studies have shown that memories are encoded in sparse neural ensembles distributed across the brain. During the post-encoding period, often during sleep, many of the cells that were active during encoding are reactivated, supporting consolidation of this memory. During memory recall, many of the same cells that were active during encoding and reactivated during consolidation are reactivated during recall. These ensembles of cells have been referred to as the memory engram cells, stably representing a specific memory. However, recent studies question the rigidity of the "stable memory engram." Here we review the past literature of how episodic-like memories are encoded, consolidated, and recalled. We also highlight more recent studies (as well as some older literature) that suggest that these stable memories and their representations are much more dynamic and flexible than previously thought. We highlight some of these processes, including memory updating, reconsolidation, forgetting, schema learning, memory-linking, and representational drift.

Indexed as

BrainAnimalsHumansLearningMemoryMemory ConsolidationMemory, EpisodicMental RecallNeurons

Identifiers

PMID39300271
PMCPMC11525749

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.