Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39305342›Full record

ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2025

Risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective population-based cohort study in Lithuania.

Adomas Ladukas, Ausvydas Patasius, Marius Kincius, Mingaile Drevinskaite, Justinas Jonusas, Donata Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene, Lina Zabuliene, Giedre Smailyte

Abstract read
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Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Adomas LadukasLaboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu St, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania. adomas.ladukas@nvi.lt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7416-1630
Ausvydas PatasiusLaboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu St, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Marius KinciusLaboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu St, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Mingaile DrevinskaiteLaboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu St, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Justinas JonusasLaboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu St, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Donata Linkeviciute-UlinskieneMedicine Clinic at Region Västmanland's Hospital Västerås, Sigtunagatan, 72189, Västerås, Sweden.
Lina ZabulieneInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 21/27 M. K. Ciurlionio St, 03101, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Giedre SmailyteLaboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, 1 Santariskiu St, 08406, Vilnius, Lithuania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe objective of our study was to evaluate bladder cancer risk among Lithuanian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and the effect of antihyperglycemic therapy on bladder cancer risk.

methodsWe analyzed bladder cancer risk in a cohort of patients who were diagnosed with T2DM between 2001 and 2012 in Lithuania. Bladder cancer risk in four groups of antihyperglycemic medication users (insulin-only, metformin-only, sulfonylurea-only, and pioglitazone ± any other drug) was also assessed. Standardized incidence ratios for bladder cancer were calculated.

resultsA total of 76,818 patients (28,762 males and 48,056 females) with T2DM were included in the final cohort. In the whole cohort of diabetic patients, 277 bladder cancer cases were observed, compared to 232.75 expected cases, according to bladder cancer rates in the general population (Standardized Incidence Ratio 1.19; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.06-1.34). Higher risk of bladder cancer was found in both men and women; however, in women the risk increase was not statistically significant. We found higher risk of bladder cancer in patients of both sexes diagnosed with T2DM at the age of 50-79 years and also in all groups of different antihyperglycemic medication users.

conclusionT2DM was associated with increased risk of bladder cancer.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Urinary Bladder NeoplasmsAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansHypoglycemic AgentsIncidenceLithuaniaMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsHypoglycemic AgentsAntihyperglycemic therapyBladder cancerCancer riskCohort studyType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID39305342
PMCPMC11761827

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.