Evidence mapPaperPMID 39308427Full record

ArticleClinical physiology and functional imaging2025

Microvascular effects of a mixed meal tolerance test: a model validation study.

Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij, Boukje Charlotte Eveleens Maarse, Femke P M Hoevenaars, Ines Warnke, Marieke L de Kam, Matthijs Moerland, Pim Gal

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sebastiaan J W van KraaijCentre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2465-1831
Boukje Charlotte Eveleens MaarseCentre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Femke P M HoevenaarsTNO, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Ines Warnkedsm-firmenich, CH-4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
Marieke L de KamCentre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Matthijs MoerlandCentre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Pim GalCentre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Funding

Centre for Human Drug ResearchDSMNederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeEndothelial dysfunction is a pathophysiological change preceding many cardiovascular events. Measuring improvements of endothelial function is challenging when function is already optimal, which may be remediated using a physiological challenge. This study aimed to determine whether imaging assessments can detect microvascular effects of a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT).

methodsTwenty healthy volunteers (age ≥45 and ≤70 years) underwent two MMTTs at the beginning (Day 1) and end (Day 84) of a twelve-week period. Imaging methods included laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) combined with post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) and local thermal hyperaemia (LTH) challenges, passive leg movement ultrasonography (PLM), and sidestream dark field microscopy (SDFM). Measurements were conducted pre-MMTT and at 5 timepoints post-MMTT for PLM and SDFM and 3 timepoints post-MMTT for PORH and LTH.

resultsNo consistent effects of the MMTT were detected on LSCI LTH, PLM and SDFM endpoints. LSCI PORH maximum perfusion was significantly suppressed 46, 136, and 300 min post-MMTT administration on Day 1, while residual perfusion decreased significantly 46 and 136 min post-MMTT on Day 1. However, when repeated on Day 84, PORH endpoints were not significantly affected by the MMTT.

conclusionSDFM, PLM and LSCI LTH endpoints displayed high intra-subject variability and did not detect consistent effects of MMTT. LSCI PORH endpoints displayed the lowest intra-subject variability of all assessed endpoints and were affected by the MMTT on Day 1, but not on Day 84. Further standardization of methods or more robust challenges to affect vascular endpoints may be needed.

Indexed as

HyperemiaLaser Speckle Contrast ImagingMicrocirculationPredictive Value of TestsRegional Blood FlowAgedBlood Flow VelocityFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMealsMicrovesselsMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsTime Factorsendothelial functionlaser speckle contrast imagingpassive leg movementsidestream dark field microscopy

Identifiers

PMID39308427
PMCPMC11650408

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.