Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39308755›Full record

ArticleArchives of physiotherapy

Treatment fidelity in clinical trials.

Chad E Cook, Bryan O'Halloran, Steve Karas, Mareli Klopper, Jodi L Young

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of physiotherapy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Neurodevelopmental considerations for transcranial magnetic stimulation trials in youth.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Chad E CookDepartment of Orthopaedics, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina - USA.
Bryan O'HalloranDivision of Physical Therapy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina - USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3234-3521
Steve KarasDepartment of Physical Therapy, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-1219
Mareli KlopperDepartment of Physical Therapy, Graceland University, Independence, MO - USA.
Jodi L YoungDepartment of Physical Therapy, Bellin College, Green Bay, Wisconsin - USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-4063

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the context of clinical trials, treatment fidelity (TF) has traditionally referred to the extent to which an intervention or treatment is implemented by the clinicians as intended by the researchers who designed the trial. Updated definitions of TF have included an appropriate design of the intervention that was performed in a way that is known to be therapeutically beneficial. This requires careful attention to three key components: (1) protocol and dosage adherence, (2) quality of delivery, and (3) participant adherence. In this viewpoint, we describe several cases in which TF was lacking in clinical trials and give opportunities to improve the deficits encountered in those trials. We feel that along with quality, risk of bias, and certainty of evidence, TF should be considered an essential element of the veracity of clinical trial.

Indexed as

Clinical trialsFidelityQualityTreatment

Identifiers

PMID39308755
PMCPMC11413885

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.