Evidence mapPaperPMID 39312277Full record

Trial reportDiabetes care2024

Relationship Between Average Glucose Levels and HbA1c Differs Across Racial Groups: A Substudy of the GRADE Randomized Trial.

David M Nathan, William H Herman, Mary E Larkin, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Hiba Abou Assi, Andrew J Ahmann, Janet Brown-Friday, Daniel S Hsia, Tasma Harindhanavudhi, Mary Johnson and 6 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Diabetes care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT01794143. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01794143 phase3completed

Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study

Ran2013Enrolled7,850Registered outcomes4Posted comparisons0ConditionsComparative Effectiveness of Glycemia-lowering Medications, Type 2 DiabetesArmsDPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin), GLP-1 receptor agonist (liraglutide), Insulin (glargine), Sulfonylurea (glimepiride)
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

David M NathanDiabetes Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-2503-2650
William H HermanDepartments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.ORCID 0000-0002-0502-674X
Mary E LarkinDiabetes Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Heidi Krause-SteinraufBiostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-6894-4110
Hiba Abou AssiDuke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Andrew J AhmannOregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.ORCID 0000-0002-4544-5404
Janet Brown-FridayDepartment of Medicine (Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
Daniel S HsiaPennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA.
Tasma HarindhanavudhiUniversity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Mary JohnsonInternational Diabetes Center, Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN.
Valerie L ArendsAdvanced Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Nicole M ButeraBiostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-8901-3881
Samuel P RosinBiostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD.
John M LachinBiostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD.ORCID 0000-0001-9838-2841
Naji YounesBiostatistics Center, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Rockville, MD.ORCID 0000-0002-8913-0340
GRADE Study Research Group

Funding

Continuation of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness (GRADE) StudyU01DK098246 · NIDDK · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, JOHN M LACHIN · 2021 to 2022
$21.0M
Vector and Transgenic Mouse CoreP30DK017047 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · 1986 to 2025
$12.6M
Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR002243 · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · 2025 to 2025
$10.7M
Oregon Clinical and Translational Research InstituteUL1TR002369 · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$9.9M
Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational SciencesUL1TR002345 · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$9.3M
Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (Georgia CTSA)UL1TR002378 · EMORY UNIVERSITY · 2025 to 2025
$9.3M
Pilot and Feasibility ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2022 to 2025
$4.9M
Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science CenterU54GM104940 · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · 2025 to 2025
$3.9M
NYR-Diabetes Research Center (NYR-DRC)P30DK020541 · ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · 2025 to 2025
$2.4M
Pilot and Feasibility ProgramP30DK072476 · LSU PENNINGTON BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CTR · 2005 to 2025
$2.2M
UAB Diabetes Research CenterP30DK079626 · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · 2025 to 2025
$1.3M
Pilot and Feasibility ProgramP30DK092926 · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · 2025 to 2025
$779k
American Diabetes AssociationCDC HHSNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001108NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001409NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001425NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001449NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002243NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002345NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002369NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002378NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002489NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002529NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002537NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002548NHLBI NIH HHSNIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK017047NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020541NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK072476NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK079626NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092926NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK098246NIDDK NIH HHS U01DK098246NIDDK NIH HHS U34 DK088043NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104940
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether the relationship between average glucose (AG) levels and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) differs across racial/ethnic groups. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe performed a prospective substudy of GRADE, a comparative effectiveness randomized trial conducted in 36 centers in the U.S. A total of 1,454 of the 5,047 participants in the GRADE cohort, including 534 non-Hispanic White (NHW), 389 non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 327 Hispanic White patients and 204 patients of other racial/ethnic backgrounds, were included in the substudy. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) performed for 10 days was used to calculate AG10. Immediately after CGM, HbA1c and glycated albumin were measured. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were derived from a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test.

resultsThe relationship between AG10 and HbA1c was significantly different for NHB compared with NHW patients and those of other racial/ethnic groups. HbA1c levels were 0.2-0.6 percentage points higher in NHB than in NHW patients for AG10 levels from 100 to 250 mg/dL. For an HbA1c of 7%, AG10 was 11 mg/dL higher for NHW than for NHB patients. Similar findings were observed across races for relationships of FPG and AUC with HbA1c and for glucose measurements with glycated albumin levels. Differences in the relationship between AG10 and HbA1c across racial groups remained after adjustments for any demographic or other differences between racial/ethnic subgroups.

conclusionsThe relationship between several measures of glucose with HbA1c and glycated albumin consistently differed across races. These findings should be considered in setting treatment goals and diagnostic levels.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinAdultAgedBlack or African AmericanFemaleGlucose Tolerance TestGlycated Serum AlbuminHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesSerum AlbuminWhiteBlood GlucoseGlycated HemoglobinGlycated Serum AlbuminSerum Albumin

Identifiers

PMID39312277
PMCPMC11655407

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.