SynthesisOral diseases2025
Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Oral diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global Prevalence of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology · 2026Pooled it
- Decoding protein signatures and protein interactions in oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and network analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Cancer Hallmarks Expression in Oral Leukoplakia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oral diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Malignant Transformation of Oral Leukoplakia and Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Its Biomarker Predictors: A Systematic Umbrella Review.Head & neck · 2026Pooled it
- Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia: Systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis.Oral diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Malignant transformation rate of oral precancerous disorders to oral cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Significance of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) upregulation in the prediction of the malignant transformation risk in oral potentially malignant disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Pattern of Progression of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders From Real-World Data: A 24-Year Study.Head & neck · 2026Article
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from oral epithelial dysplasia shows high postoperative recurrence despite favorable histopathology.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Article
- [Preliminary investigation into the mechanisms of thalidomide in inhibiting the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026Article
- Malignant Transformation Risk in Patients With Oral Leukoplakia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International dental journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up outcomes of patients with oral potentially malignant disorders: A 7-year observational cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Abstraction-dependent diagnostic performance of a multimodal foundation model in oral epithelial dysplasia.Odontology · 2026Article
- Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in histologically non-dysplastic non-homogeneous oral leukoplakia.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Interfacial Bioengineering of Dynamic Networks Hybrid Hydrogel for Programmed Intervention in Oral Precancerous Epithelial States.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- The Role of Chemopreventive Agents in the Management of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer: A Narrative Review.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Integrated Clinical, Histopathological, and Inflammatory Parameters for Predicting Malignant Transformation in High-Risk Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Prospective Study.Head and neck pathology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo update the current evidence on the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia (OL), including all studies published worldwide on the subject, selected with the maximum rigor regarding eligibility. MATERIALS AND
methodsMEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for studies published before June-2024, with no lower date limit. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for meta-analyses of proportions. We carried out meta-analyses, explored heterogeneity across subgroups and identified risk factors with potential prognostic value.
resultsFifty-five studies (41,231 with OL) were included. The pooled malignant transformation proportion for OL was 6.64% (95% CI = 5.21-8.21). The malignant transformation did not significantly vary by time periods (p = 0.75), 5.35% prior to 1978, 7.06% from 1979 to 2007 and 6.97% during more recent times. The risk factors that significantly had a higher impact on malignant transformation were the non-homogeneous leukoplakias (RR = 4.23, 95% CI = 3.31-5.39, p < 0.001), the larger size (RR = 2.08, 1.45-2.96, p < 0.001), leukoplakia located on the lateral border of tongue (malignant transformation = 12.71%; RR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.48-2.95, p < 0.001), smoking (RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.25-2.15, p < 0.001), and the presence of epithelial dysplasia (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 2.26-3.35, p < 0.001).
conclusionsOL presents a considerable malignant transformation probability that is especially increased in large non-homogeneous lesions in smokers, located on the lateral border of the tongue, with epithelial dysplasia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.