ReviewResearch (Washington, D.C.)2024
Inhibition of PCSK9: A Promising Enhancer for Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy.
Review in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- RNA Metabolism Genes as Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer Based on the Analysis of Single-Cell and Bulk-RNA Sequencing Data.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- High intratumoral CD8 positive T cell infiltration associated with pathologic complete response after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in locally advanced colon cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Use of PCSK9 Inhibitors Among Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Lipid metabolism as a central driver of immune remodeling and therapeutic vulnerability in metastatic colorectal cancer.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Review
- Immune Exhaustion in Chronic Infection and Cancer: Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Interventions.MedComm · 2026Review
- Chromatin regulatorsChinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics in cancer immunotherapy: the interplay between circadian rhythms, tumor microenvironment, and immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- The Role of Lipid Metabolism in the Progression of Breast Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Integrated Proteogenomic Characterization Identifies Breast Cancer Immune Subgroups and Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Strategies.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Dual-Pronged Lipid Nanocarriers Promote Immunotherapy for TNBC by Inducing Immunogenic Cell Death and Activating Lymphoid Immune Cells.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- PCSK9 in Cancer: Biological Mechanisms and Implications for Therapeutic Resistance.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Cholesterol metabolism and cancer: Molecular mechanisms, immune regulation and an epidemiological perspective (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Microbial and Metabolic Disorders in Cervical Cancer: Structural Insights, Biomarkers, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies.Cancer science · 2025Review
- Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Uncovers Immune-Metabolic Interplay in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumor Microenvironment.Cancers · 2025Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T-cell) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) therapies in gastrointestinal malignancies: review of literature for clinical applications.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) to tackle central nervous system diseases: role as a promising approach.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- Monoclonal antibody immune therapy response instrument for stratification and cost-effective personalized approaches in 3PM-guided pan cancer management.The EPMA journal · 2025Review
- A Critical Review of Immunomodulation in the Management of Inoperable Stage III NSCLC.Cancers · 2025Review
- Exploring the frontiers: a panoramic analysis of global multi-specific antibody clinical trials.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy, such as programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) blockade, has achieved remarkable results in treating various tumors. However, most cancer patients show a low response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, especially those with microsatellite stable/mismatch repair-proficient colorectal cancer subtypes, which indicates an urgent need for new approaches to augment the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Cholesterol metabolism, which involves generating multifunctional metabolites and essential membrane components, is also instrumental in tumor development. In recent years, inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a serine proteinase that regulates cholesterol metabolism, has been demonstrated to be a method enhancing the antitumor effect of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to some extent. Mechanistically, PCSK9 inhibition can maintain the recycling of major histocompatibility protein class I, promote low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated T-cell receptor recycling and signaling, and modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) by affecting the infiltration and exclusion of immune cells. These mechanisms increase the quantity and enhance the antineoplastic effect of cytotoxic T lymphocyte, the main functional immune cells involved in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, in the TME. Therefore, combining PCSK9 inhibition therapy with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy may provide a novel option for improving antitumor effects and may constitute a promising research direction. This review concentrates on the relationship between PCSK9 and cholesterol metabolism, systematically discusses how PCSK9 inhibition potentiates PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for cancer treatment, and highlights the research directions in this field.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.