The potential of flavonoids to mitigate cellular senescence in cardiovascular disease.

Aging is one of the most significant factors affecting cardiovascular health, with cellular senescence being a central hallmark. Senescent cells (SCs) secrete a specific set of signaling molecules known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP has a remarkable impact on age-associated diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Targeting SCs through anti-aging therapies represents a novel strategy to effectively retard senescence and attenuate disease progression. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the flavonoids, widely presented in fruits and vegetables worldwide, can delay or treat CVD via selectively eliminating SCs (senolytics) and modulating SASPs (senomorphics). Nevertheless, only sporadic research has illustrated the application of flavonoids in targeting SCs for CVD, which requires further exploration. This review recapitulates the hallmarks and key molecular mechanisms involved in cellular senescence, then summarizes senescence of different types of cardiac cells and describes the mechanisms by which cellular senescence affects CVD development. The discussion culminates with the potential use of flavonoids via exerting their biological effects on cellular senescence to reduce CVD incidence. This summary will provide valuable insights for cardiovascular drug design, development and clinical applications leveraging flavonoids.