Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39333495›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

Crinophagic granules in pancreatic β cells contribute to mouse autoimmune diabetes by diversifying pathogenic epitope repertoire.

Hao Hu, Anthony N Vomund, Orion J Peterson, Neetu Srivastava, Tiandao Li, Lisa Kain, Wandy L Beatty, Bo Zhang, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Luc Teyton and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Crinophagy in Pancreatic Beta Cells: From Insulin Granule Turnover to Diabetes Pathogenesis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. New and emerging therapies in type 1 diabetes mellitus.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. NETs: a new target for autoimmune disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hao Hu *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3622-9897
Anthony N Vomund *Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Orion J PetersonDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Neetu SrivastavaDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Tiandao LiDepartment of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1650-0555
Lisa KainDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5873-8647
Wandy L BeattyDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Bo ZhangDepartment of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2962-5314
Chyi-Song HsiehDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Luc TeytonDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4049-1583
Cheryl F LichtiDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4099-4954
Emil R UnanueDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8629-0018
Xiaoxiao WanDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. wanx@wustl.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-7439-9374

Funding

WU P&FP30DK020579 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Clay F. Semenkovich · 2013 to 2026
$27.1M
The role of beta-cell crinophagy in generating diabetogenic neoepitopesR01DK134437 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Xiaoxiao Wan · 2023 to 2026
$2.4M
Autoimmune Diabetes: Macrophage ResponsesR01AI162591 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Xiaoxiao Wan · 2022 to 2026
$2.3M
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Division of Intramural Research of the NIAID) R01AI62591NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI162591NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020579NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK134437U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases) R01DK134437
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune attack toward pancreatic β cells causes permanent loss of glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Insulin secretory granules store and secrete insulin but are also thought to be tissue messengers for T1D. Here, we show that the crinophagic granules (crinosome), a minor set of vesicles formed by fusing lysosomes with the conventional insulin dense-core granules (DCG), are pathogenic in T1D development in mouse models. Pharmacological inhibition of crinosome formation in β cells delays T1D progression without affecting the dominant DCGs. Mechanistically, crinophagy inhibition diminishes the epitope repertoire in pancreatic islets, including cryptic, modified and disease-relevant epitopes derived from insulin. These unconventional insulin epitopes are largely undetectable in the MHC-II epitope repertoire of the thymus, where only canonical insulin epitopes are presented. CD4

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1InsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsAnimalsAutoantigensCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesDisease Models, AnimalEpitopesFemaleHumansLysosomesMiceMice, Inbred NODSecretory VesiclesThymus GlandAutoantigensEpitopesInsulin

Identifiers

PMID39333495
PMCPMC11437215

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.