ReviewNature neuroscience2024
Advances and controversies in meningeal biology.
Review in Nature neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- From glia limitans to glial scars: in vitro co-culture studies of the astrocyte and meningeal interaction.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Pooled it
- Cell atlas of the developing human meninges reveals a dura-like nature of meningiomas.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- In-silico solute transport via perivascular networks in the human intracranial space.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Brain barriers at the crossroads of glioma immune surveillance and immunotherapy response.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Validation Reveal Berberine-Mediated Regulation of the Liver-Brain Inflammatory Axis in MCD-Induced Steatohepatitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Translational Considerations for Injectable Biomaterials and Bioscaffolds to Repair and Regenerate Brain Tissue.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Artery-Like Smooth Muscle Drives Contractile Function in Dural Venous Sinuses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and the Emerging Role of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Single-cell omics and flow cytometry identify distinct immune states of dural and brain-infiltrating IL-17-producing γδ T cells after experimental stroke.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Article
- The meninges as a neuroimmune interface: structure, barriers and roles in CNS disease.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Longitudinal in vivo imaging of dynamic immune-vascular responses to meningeal cerebrovascular injury.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- The spinal lymphatic system: an emerging pathway bridging fluid homeostasis, immunity, and disease.Bone research · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of parasite-mediated disruption of brain vessels.FEBS letters · 2026Review
- Loss of meningeal lymphatic endothelial cells results in formation of a newly forming vascular network with scavenging function.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- The Aging Meninges: Anatomical and Immunological Remodeling as Emerging Diagnostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Senescence-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dynamic MRI of Fluid and Solute Transportation across the Arachnoid Barrier in the Human Meninges.Radiology · 2026Article
- Discovery of Abundant Nano-scale Lymphatic-like Vessels in Brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The dura, arachnoid and pia mater, as the constituent layers of the meninges, along with cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space and ventricles, are essential protectors of the brain and spinal cord. Complemented by immune cells, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves, these connective tissue layers have held many secrets that have only recently begun to be revealed. Each meningeal layer is now known to have molecularly distinct types of fibroblasts. Cerebrospinal fluid clearance through peripheral lymphatics and lymph nodes is well documented, but its routes and flow dynamics are debated. Advances made in meningeal immune functions are also debated. This Review considers the cellular and molecular structure and function of the dura, arachnoid and pia mater in the context of conventional views, recent progress, and what is uncertain or unknown. The hallmarks of meningeal pathophysiology are identified toward developing a more complete understanding of the meninges in health and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.