ArticleBiomedicines2024
Clinical Characteristics Associated with the PLP-PLS Index, a New Potential Metric to Phenotype Phantom Limb Pain.
Article in Biomedicines, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Amputation to Persistent Pain: A Review of Molecular and Cellular Processes in Phantom Limb Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Compensatory Failure of Autonomic Regulation in Phantom Limb Pain and Its Correlation with Maladaptive Plasticity: A Cross-Sectional HRV Study in Amputees.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Phantom Limb Pain Assessment Tools: A Literature Review Exploring Strengths and Limitations.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- Neurophysiological Markers of Adaptation and Compensation Following Lower Limb Amputation: An Analysis of EEG Oscillations and Clinical Predictors from the DEFINE Cohort Study.Neurology international · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhantom limb pain (PLP) is highly prevalent after amputation. However, the influence of non-painful sensations (PLS) remains unclear. This study examines the PLP-PLS index as a novel tool to differentiate PLP from PLS and explores the association of clinical factors with the index.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 112 participants in a previous factorial trial in patients with unilateral traumatic lower limb amputation. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between the index and various demographic, psychological and clinical factors. Logistic and Poisson regression, and e-value calculation were utilized for sensitivity analyses.
resultsAdjusted multivariable linear regression models demonstrated significant associations of phantom movement sensation (β: -1.532; 95% CI: -2.615 to -0.449;
conclusionsTime since amputation and phantom movement sensation likely reflect distinct phenotypes and potential mechanisms for PLP and PLS. The PLP-PLS index is a promising clinical tool for selecting therapies to prevent/treat PLP and for measuring treatment effects to modulate phantom pain. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying PLP and PLS for improving clinical management and guiding future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.