Evidence mapPaperPMID 39337282Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024

NF-κB Transcription Factors: Their Distribution, Family Expansion, Structural Conservation, and Evolution in Animals.

Siphesihle Msweli, Suresh B Pakala, Khajamohiddin Syed

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  15. SIRT1-Mediated Epigenetic Protective Mechanisms of Phytosome-EncapsulatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Siphesihle MsweliDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
Suresh B PakalaDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-5679-4837
Khajamohiddin SyedDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-1497-3570

Funding

National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa PMDS22051812140University of Zululand, South Africa P419
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family consists of five members: RelA (p65), RelB, c-Rel, p50 (p105/NF-κB1), and p52 (p100/NF-κB2). This family is considered a master regulator of classical biochemical pathways such as inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and cell death. The proteins in this family have a conserved Rel homology domain (RHD) with the following subdomains: DNA binding domain (RHD-DBD) and dimerization domain (RHD-DD). Despite the importance of the NF-κB family in biology, there is a lack of information with respect to their distribution patterns, evolution, and structural conservation concerning domains and subdomains in animals. This study aims to address this critical gap regarding NF-κB proteins. A comprehensive analysis of NF-κB family proteins revealed their distinct distribution in animals, with differences in protein sizes, conserved domains, and subdomains (RHD-DBD and RHD-DD). For the first time, NF-κB proteins with multiple RHD-DBDs and RHD-DDs have been identified, and in some cases, this is due to subdomain duplication. The presence of RelA/p65 exclusively in vertebrates shows that innate immunity originated in fishes, followed by amphibians, reptiles, aves, and mammals. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NF-κB family proteins grouped according to animal groups, signifying structural conservation after speciation. The evolutionary analysis of RHDs suggests that NF-κB family members p50/p105 and c-Rel may have been the first to emerge in arthropod ancestors, followed by RelB, RelA, and p52/p100.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularNF-kappa BAnimalsConserved SequencePhylogenyProtein DomainsNF-kappa Bc-RelevolutionNF-κBp50/p105p52/p100RelA/p65RelBRHD

Identifiers

PMID39337282
PMCPMC11432056

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.