ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2024
NF-κB Transcription Factors: Their Distribution, Family Expansion, Structural Conservation, and Evolution in Animals.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Genomics Provides Insights into the Evolutionary Origin and Structural Diversification of Steroid Receptor Coactivators (SRCs 1-3).Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeting NF-κB signaling for HIV latency reversal: Mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic perspectives.Virus research · 2026Review
- Translational potential of GMP-grade human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in traumatic spinal cord injury: a preclinical study in rat.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic Diagnosis and Identification of a Novel De Novo RELA Variant in Familial Behçet-like Autoinflammatory Syndrome Type 3: A Case Report.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Strategic role of calpains in modulation of NF-κB activity in skeletal muscle.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Genetic basis of immunity in Indian cattle as revealed by comparative analysis of Bos genome.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Synthesis, anti-tumor evaluation, and mechanistic investigation of 3-indolylpyrazole phenoxyacetamide derivatives against chronic myeloid leukemia cells.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- Targeting PKC/NF-κB/NLRP3-driven NcRNA neuroinflammatory crosstalk by condensed tannins in global cerebral ischemia.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- BMP7 attenuates myocardial injury and preserves cardiac function after myocardial infarction by inhibiting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles from Li-Qi-Yang-Yin formula attenuate LPS-stimulated inflammatory injury in human colonic epithelial cellsFrontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Proline-, Glutamic Acid-, Leucine-Rich Protein 1 (PELP1): Diversity, Structural Conservation, and Evolutionary Origins Across the Species.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Combining network pharmacology and metabonomics to explore the mechanism of baicalin inhibiting PRRSV replication.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Structure-Function Analysis of the Steroid-Hydroxylating Cytochrome P450 109 (CYP109) Enzyme Family.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- SIRT1-Mediated Epigenetic Protective Mechanisms of Phytosome-EncapsulatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nanomaterials targeting cancer stem cells to overcome drug resistance and tumor recurrence.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Pyroptosis for osteoarthritis treatment: insights into cellular and molecular interactions inflammatory.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Neuroprotectin D1: Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Insights in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor family consists of five members: RelA (p65), RelB, c-Rel, p50 (p105/NF-κB1), and p52 (p100/NF-κB2). This family is considered a master regulator of classical biochemical pathways such as inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and cell death. The proteins in this family have a conserved Rel homology domain (RHD) with the following subdomains: DNA binding domain (RHD-DBD) and dimerization domain (RHD-DD). Despite the importance of the NF-κB family in biology, there is a lack of information with respect to their distribution patterns, evolution, and structural conservation concerning domains and subdomains in animals. This study aims to address this critical gap regarding NF-κB proteins. A comprehensive analysis of NF-κB family proteins revealed their distinct distribution in animals, with differences in protein sizes, conserved domains, and subdomains (RHD-DBD and RHD-DD). For the first time, NF-κB proteins with multiple RHD-DBDs and RHD-DDs have been identified, and in some cases, this is due to subdomain duplication. The presence of RelA/p65 exclusively in vertebrates shows that innate immunity originated in fishes, followed by amphibians, reptiles, aves, and mammals. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NF-κB family proteins grouped according to animal groups, signifying structural conservation after speciation. The evolutionary analysis of RHDs suggests that NF-κB family members p50/p105 and c-Rel may have been the first to emerge in arthropod ancestors, followed by RelB, RelA, and p52/p100.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.