Randomized Controlled Trial: Does the Use of Occlusive Hydrocolloid Silver-Containing Wound Dressing after Sternotomy Reduce Surgical Site Infection after Cardiac Surgery?

(1) Background: To reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) following median sternotomy in cardiac surgery, we compared an occlusive hydrocolloid silver-containing wound dressing (OHSCWD) with a standard wound dressing. (2) Methods: This study was designed as a single-center randomized controlled trial. The primary endpoint was the overall rate of incidence of any kind of SSI. Secondary endpoints were the number of dressing changes, the severity of SSIs, and whether there was a need for treatment. Wounds were monitored daily until the seventh and on the 30th postoperative day. (3) Results: Of the 423 patients included, 352 were analyzed. No differences in demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, intraoperative processes, and postoperative care were found between both groups. Additionally, the incidence or extent of SSI showed no significant differences between the two groups. (4) Conclusions: In summary, out of all pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors, the contribution of postoperative wound care to the development of SSIs appears to play a subordinate role. However, by offering equivalent wound protection and a reduced number of dressing changes, OHSCWD after median sternotomy in cardiac surgery patients could be a good alternative to standard dressings from the point of view of the patient, the staff, and the clinic.