Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39339976›Full record

ArticleViruses2024

The Omicron Variant Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of the Post COVID-19 Condition and Its Main Phenotypes Compared to the Wild-Type Virus: Results from the EuCARE-POSTCOVID-19 Study.

Francesca Bai, Andrea Santoro, Pontus Hedberg, Alessandro Tavelli, Sara De Benedittis, Júlia Fonseca de Morais Caporali, Carolina Coimbra Marinho, Arnaldo Santos Leite, Maria Mercedes Santoro, Francesca Ceccherini Silberstein and 12 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Viruses, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Evolutionary Predictors of Post-COVID Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Francesca BaiClinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3651-8923
Andrea SantoroClinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.
Pontus HedbergDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-3153-098X
Alessandro TavelliIcona Foundation, 20145 Milan, Italy.
Sara De BenedittisIcona Foundation, 20145 Milan, Italy.
Júlia Fonseca de Morais CaporaliSchool of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-0544-309X
Carolina Coimbra MarinhoSchool of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-0950-0322
Arnaldo Santos LeiteSchool of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Maria Mercedes SantoroDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6228-1114
Francesca Ceccherini SilbersteinDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Marco IannettaDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6938-8627
Dovilé JuozapaitéVilnius Santaros Klinikos Biobank, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, 08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Edita StrumilieneClinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
André AlmeidaCentro Universitário de Lisboa Central, Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1169-050 Lisboa, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-0360-7011
Cristina ToscanoCentro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal.
Jesús Arturo Ruiz-QuiñonesHospital Juan Graham Casasus, Villahermosa 86126, Tabasco, Mexico.ORCID 0000-0002-3723-333X
Chiara MommoEuResist Network GEIE, 00152 Rome, Italy.
Iuri FantiEuResist Network GEIE, 00152 Rome, Italy.
Francesca IncardonaEuResist Network GEIE, 00152 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7386-8551
Alessandro Cozzi-LepriCentre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6339-919X
Giulia MarchettiClinic of Infectious Diseases, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4498-4828
EuCARE Project

Funding

Horizon 2020 European Union´s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 101046016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Post COVID-19 condition (PCC) is defined as ongoing symptoms at ≥1 month after acute COVID-19. We investigated the risk of PCC in an international cohort according to viral variants. We included 7699 hospitalized patients in six centers (January 2020-June 2023); a subset of participants with ≥1 visit over the year after clinical recovery were analyzed. Variants were observed or estimated using Global Data Science Initiative (GISAID) data. Because patients returning for a post COVID-19 visit may have a higher PCC risk, and because the variant could be associated with the probability of returning, we used weighted logistic regressions. We estimated the proportion of the effect of wild-type (WT) virus vs. Omicron on PCC, which was mediated by Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, through a mediation analysis. In total, 1317 patients returned for a post COVID visit at a median of 2.6 (IQR 1.84-3.97) months after clinical recovery. WT was present in 69.6% of participants, followed by the Alpha (14.4%), Delta (8.9%), Gamma (3.9%) and Omicron strains (3.3%). Among patients with PCC, the most common manifestations were fatigue (51.7%), brain fog (32.7%) and respiratory symptoms (37.2%). Omicron vs. WT was associated with a reduced risk of PCC and PCC clusters; conversely, we observed a higher risk with the Delta and Alpha variants vs. WT. In total, 42% of the WT effect vs. Omicron on PCC risk appeared to be mediated by ICU admission. A reduced PCC risk was observed after Omicron infection, suggesting a possible reduction in the PCC burden over time. A non-negligible proportion of the variant effect on PCC risk seems mediated by increased disease severity during the acute disease.

Indexed as

COVID-19PhenotypeSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedFemaleHospitalizationHumansIntensive Care UnitsMaleMiddle AgedPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeRisk Factorslong COVIDomicron variantpost acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infectionpost COVID-19 conditionSARS-CoV-2 viral variant

Identifiers

PMID39339976
PMCPMC11437468

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.