Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39342048›Full record

ReviewApplied psychophysiology and biofeedback2025

Effect of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Cardiac Autonomic Activation and Diabetes Self-Care in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Ying-Ru Wu, Wen-So Su, Kun-Der Lin, I-Mei Lin

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ying-Ru Wu *Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
Wen-So Su *Department of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
Kun-Der LinThe Lin's Clinic, Kaohsiung, 807057, Taiwan.
I-Mei LinDepartment of Psychology, College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan. psyiml@kmu.edu.tw.

Funding

the National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan 111-2410-H-037-021-MY2the National Sun Yat-Sen University-Kaohsiung Medical University Joint Research Project 111KN002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), decreased autonomic activation and heightened negative emotions may worsen glycemic control. This study investigated the effects of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) on autonomic activation, negative emotions, diabetes self-care, and glycemic control in patients with T2DM. A total of 61 participants with T2DM were assigned to either the HRVB group (n = 30; 62.67 ± 7.28 years; 14 females) or the control group (n = 31; 63.39 ± 6.96 years; 14 females). Both groups received the treatment as usual, and the HRVB group received 60 min of HRVB sessions weekly for 6 weeks. Participants completed psychological questionnaires, a resting electrocardiogram (ECG), and breathing rate assessments at pre- and post-tests. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices were derived from ECG data, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were collected from the electronic medical records. The analysis revealed significant Group × Time interaction effects on HRV indices, breathing rate, depression symptoms, and diabetes self-care behavior. The HRVB group demonstrated higher HRV indices, lower breathing rate, and improved diabetes self-care behavior compared to the control group. Moreover, the HRVB group showed enhanced HRV indices and diabetes self-care behavior, as well as reduced breathing rate and depression in the post-test compared to the pre-test. However, there was no significant interaction effect on HbA1c levels. Six sessions of HRVB proved effective as a complementary therapy for T2DM, enhancing HRV indices, alleviating depressive symptoms, and promoting better diabetes self-care behaviors.

Indexed as

Autonomic Nervous SystemBiofeedback, PsychologyDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Heart RateRespiratory RateSelf CareAgedDepressionFemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedGlycated HemoglobinCardiac autonomic activityDepressionDiabetes self-care behaviorGlycemic controlHeart rate variability biofeedbackType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.