ReviewDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2024
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based agents and weight loss composition: Filling the gaps.
Review in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07154719 (GLP-1R Actions on Muscle and the Skeleton), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
GLP-1R Actions on Muscle and the Skeleton
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of Incretin-Based Therapies, Diet and Exercise Interventions, and Bariatric Surgery on Fat-Free Mass in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Physical Fitness with Exercise and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Alone or Combined After Diet-Induced Weight Loss: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Obesity.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Trial
- Tirzepatide for Excess Weight in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using MiniMed 780G.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Phytocompounds That Target White Adipose Tissue for Weight Loss: A Review Spanning From Ucp1 Induction in Rodents to Human Clinical Trials.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Defining Healthy Weight Loss and Target Weight in the Era of Highly Effective Treatment of Patients With Obesity.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Review
- Structured Exercise During and After Incretin-Based Pharmacotherapy Discontinuation: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Evidence, and Prescription Guidance.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Effects of probiotics and synbiotics on body weight management in individuals with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- CVOT Summit Report 2025: advances along the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic disease continuum.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Automated volumetric MRI quantification of body fat and skeletal muscle in the UK Biobank: technical validation against expert manual segmentations and comparison with single-slice techniques.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Nutritional and lifestyle supportive care recommendations for management of obesity with GLP-1 - based therapies: An expert consensus statement using a modified Delphi approach.Obesity pillars · 2026Review
- IUPHAR review: From foe to friend: Repurposing glucagon to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.Pharmacological research · 2026Review
- Muscle health in the modern era of incretin-based therapies.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Optimizing GLP-1 therapies for obesity and diabetes management.Obesity pillars · 2025Article
- Muscle Loss in Obesity Therapy as a Therapeutic Target: Trial Design and Endpoints for Regulatory Discussions.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Reply to GM Tinsley et al.; DB Ibsen et al.; and EJ Dhurandhar et al.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Sarcopenic obesity and weight loss-induced muscle mass loss.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2025Review
- Optimizing Body Composition During Weight Loss: The Role of Amino Acid Supplementation.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Monitoring Sarcopenia With Incretin Receptor Activator Treatment.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Targeting intramyocellular lipids to improve aging muscle function.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Review
- Physiology of Weight Regain after Weight Loss: Latest Insights.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Excess adiposity is at the root of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as first-line treatments for T2D based on significant weight loss results. The composition of weight loss using most diets consists of <25% fat-free mass (FFM) loss, with the remainder from fat stores. Higher amounts of weight loss (achieved with metabolic bariatric surgery) result in greater reductions in FFM. Our aim was to assess the impact that GLP-1RA-based treatments have on FFM. We analysed studies that reported changes in FFM with the following agents: exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, and the dual incretin receptor agonist tirzepatide. We performed an analysis of various weight loss interventions to provide a reference for expected changes in FFM. We evaluated studies using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for measuring FFM (a crude surrogate for skeletal muscle). In evaluating the composition of weight loss, the percentage lost as fat-free mass (%FFML) was equal to ΔFFM/total weight change. The %FFML using GLP-1RA-based agents was between 20% and 40%. In the 28 clinical trials evaluated, the proportion of FFM loss was highly variable, but the majority reported %FFML exceeding 25%. Our review was limited to small substudies and the use of DXA, which does not measure skeletal muscle mass directly. Since FFM contains a variable amount of muscle (approximately 55%), this indirect measure may explain the heterogeneity in the data. Assessing quantity and quality of skeletal muscle using advanced imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) with functional testing will help fill the gaps in our current understanding.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39344838What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.