ArticleKidney medicine2024
Allopurinol, Febuxostat, and Nonuse of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitor Treatment in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Longitudinal Analysis.
Article in Kidney medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enzymatic Bioautographic Methods.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Allopurinol Versus Febuxostat Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in People With Chronic Kidney Disease: A New-User Active Comparator Cohort Study.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- Causal estimation of time-varying treatments in observational studies: a scoping review of methods, applications, and missing data practices.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Events During Treatment With Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitors in Patients With Gout and Hyperuricemia in Japan - A JMDC Claims Database Study.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- Evaluation ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Allopurinol and febuxostat, which are xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors, have been widely used as uric acid-lowering medications. However, evidence regarding their cardiovascular effects in hemodialysis is insufficient. This study compared the effects of allopurinol and febuxostat on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients receiving hemodialysis. Study Design: A retrospective observational cohort study. Setting & Participants: Data of 6,791 patients who had no history of topiroxostat usage and underwent maintenance hemodialysis between March 2016 and March 2019 at Yokohama Daiichi Hospital, Zenjinkai, and its affiliated dialysis clinics in Japan's Kanagawa and Tokyo metropolitan areas were collected. Exposure: Allopurinol, febuxostat, and nontreatment. Outcomes: All-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke. Analytical Approach: For the main analyses, marginal structural Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs adjusted for time-varying confounding and selection bias because of censoring. Results: Allopurinol and febuxostat showed significantly better survival than nontreatment for all-cause mortality (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.30-0.54 and HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.38-0.63, respectively), without significant difference between allopurinol and febuxostat. Allopurinol showed significantly better survival than nontreatment, whereas febuxostat did not for CVD events (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.84-0.95 and HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96-1.07, respectively), HF (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56-0.90 and HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.87-1.21, respectively), and AMI (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.25-0.91 and HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.49-1.19, respectively). No comparisons showed significant results for stroke. Limitations: The ratio of renal or intestinal excretion of uric acid and uremic toxins could not be elucidated, and we could not investigate gene polymorphism because of the large number of cases. Conclusions: Allopurinol and febuxostat improved survival for all-cause mortality. Allopurinol and not febuxostat reduced the risk of CVD events, HF, and AMI.
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