ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2025
Interleukin-5: an indicator of mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive investigation ranging from bioinformatics analysis to clinical research.
Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intersectional effects of race/ethnicity, sex, and APOE4 on plasma inflammatory profiles in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white adults.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Across Different Durations of the Disease: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Role of Interleukins in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Heat shock protein 90α may serve as a biomarker for mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the association between the uric acid to high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Different association between triglyceride-glucose index and mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without diabetic kidney disease.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNeuroinflammation constitutes an underlying mechanism for cognitive impairment. Here, we endeavor to scrutinize the potential contribution of interleukin-5 (IL-5) towards mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to assess its diagnostic value for MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsRNA-seq was used to explore the potential neuroinflammation factors in the hippocampus of diabetic mice with cognitive decline. Additionally, the promising risk factor was verified in animals. Finally, the association between IL-5 levels and cognitive function and its diagnostic value for MCI were assessed.
resultsIn animals, up-regulated IL-5 mRNA and protein levels were detected by RNA-seq and (or) verified experiments in the hippocampus of diabetic db/db mice with cognitive decline, compared to those of db/m mice without diabetes. In human, compared to diabetic patients without MCI, those with MCI demonstrate elevated levels of IL-5. It is natively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores, reflecting global cognitive function, and positively correlated with Trail Making Test A (TMTA) scores, reflecting information processing speed. Furthermore, an elevated level of IL-5 is identified as a risk factor for MCI, and a factor that influences TMTA scores. Finally, it is recommended that the cut-off value for IL-5 in the diagnosis of MCI is 22.98 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 68.6% and specificity of 72.9%.
conclusionsIL-5 is considered a risk factor for MCI in T2DM patients and is associated with their performance in information processing speed. Moreover, an elevated level of IL-5 is a plausible biomarker for MCI in T2DM patients.
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