ArticleNature communications2024
Air pollution below US regulatory standards and cardiovascular diseases using a double negative control approach.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of air pollution on exacerbations of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases for the intensivist: a narrative review.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Review
- Untangling Impacts of Socioeconomic Position, Chronic Disease, and Low-Level PM2.5 Exposure on Mortality Among Native American Medicare Beneficiaries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- The Effects of Air Pollution on Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review.Environmental health insights · 2026Review
- Long-term exposure to PMEnvironmental research · 2025Article
- Cause specific mortality risks associated with tropical cyclones in multiple countries and territories: two stage, time series study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- Effects of intermediate and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and temperature on hospital admissions with second cardiovascular events among medicare beneficiaries.Environment international · 2025Article
- Exposure to low concentrations of PMBMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposure is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, few studies have investigated air pollution below current regulatory limits, and causal evidence is limited. We use a double negative control approach to examine the association between long-term exposure to air pollution at low concentration and cardiovascular hospitalizations among US Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years between 2000 and 2016. The expected values of the negative outcome control (preceding-year hospitalizations) regressed on exposure and negative exposure control (subsequent-year exposure) are treated as a surrogate for omitted confounders. With analyses separately restricted to low-pollution areas (PM
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.