SynthesisBMC ophthalmology2024
Determining direct, indirect healthcare and social costs for diabetic retinopathy management: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Financial Toxicity in Diabetes: The State of What We Know.Current diabetes reports · 2025Pooled it
- Revealing the Blind Spots: Linked EHRs Associate Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Diabetic Eye Care Testing.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Wnt Pathway Agonism as a Therapeutic Strategy for Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Narrative Review of Evidence to Date.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- A portable potentiostat integrated with a Pt/ZnO/LIG electrode for non-enzymatic glucose detection.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Advances in diagnosing and treating diabetic retinopathy.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Associations Between Initial Glycated Hemoglobin at Diabetes Diagnosis, Longitudinal Changes and Medication Effects, and the Severity and Progression of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Nationwide Trends and Future Projections of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy Prevalence in Korea: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Quantifying the direct costs of diabetic retinopathy in a mixed healthcare system: a hospital-based study from governmental and patient perspectives.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2026Article
- A Hierarchical Deep Learning Architecture for Diagnosing Retinal Diseases Using Cross-Modal OCT to Fundus Translation in the Lack of Paired Data.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- One year of hyperglycemia in the Ins2Akita mouse does not impart changes in retinal vascular patterning.PloS one · 2026Article
- The economic impact of retinal diseases for which gene therapy is emerging: a systematic literature review.Health economics review · 2025Review
- Persistent disparities in diabetic retinopathy outcomes among socially deprived individuals despite treatment adherence.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Diabetes Among First-Time Ophthalmology Patients at a Nonprofit Hospital in Mexico.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dysregulation of lncRNA OIP5-AS1 participants in the progression of diabetic retinopathy and affects the proliferation in retinal vascular endothelial cell.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- Diabetic retinal disease.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Resveratrol as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Diabetic Retinopathy: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Potential, and Future Challenges.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Use of artificial intelligence with retinal imaging in screening for diabetes-associated complications: systematic review.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- Eye care interventions that reduce access inequities for women, rural residents and older people in low-middle-income countries: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Depression and diabetic retinopathy: an underexplored connection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Correlation Between the Ratio of Uric Acid to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (UHR) and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a rapidly growing global public health threat; it affects 1 in 3 people with diabetes and is still the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population. The management of diabetic retinopathy is becoming more advanced and effective but is highly expensive compared to other ocular diseases.
aimTo report direct medical, indirect medical, and nonmedical costs of diabetic retinopathy in developed and developing countries through a systematic review.
methodsRelated articles published in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE electronic databases from 1985 to 2022 were identified using the keywords direct medical and indirect medical and social costs of diabetic retinopathy. However, previous systematic reviews, abstracts, and case reports were excluded.
resultsThirteen articles were eligible for assessing the economic burden of diabetes management and its complications. Our analysis revealed that increasing prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are associated with higher direct and indirect healthcare expenditures. The impact of DR on working-age adults, leading to irreversible blindness in advanced stages, underscores the urgent need for cost-effective prevention and management strategies. DISCUSSION: This study systematically reviewed the direct medical, indirect medical, and nonmedical costs of DR in developed and developing countries. Our findings highlight the significant economic burden of DR, emphasizing the importance of implementing effective prevention and management measures to alleviate costs and enhance patient outcomes.
conclusionThe substantial financial burden of DR necessitates a re-evaluation of current screening and management programs. Revision of these programs is crucial to improve quality of care, reduce costs, and ultimately achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3, which aims to ensure good health and well-being for all.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.