Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39353149›Full record

ArticleNeurology2024

Eculizumab Use in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders: Routine Clinical Care Data From a European Cohort.

Marius Ringelstein, Susanna Asseyer, Gero Lindenblatt, Katinka Fischer, Refik Pul, Jelena Skuljec, Lisa Revie, Katrin Giglhuber, Vivien Häußler, Michael Karenfort and 36 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Observational
  3. Observational
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Emerging Role of Targeted Monoclonal Antibodies in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Advances in the treatment of neuromyelitis optic spectrum disorder.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors.

Marius RingelsteinFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3618-8407
Susanna AsseyerFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6289-1791
Gero LindenblattFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Katinka FischerFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Refik PulFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8940-9317
Jelena SkuljecFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Lisa RevieFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Katrin GiglhuberFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Vivien HäußlerFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7787-7391
Michael KarenfortFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Kerstin HellwigFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4467-9011
Friedemann PaulFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6378-0070
Judith Bellmann-StroblFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2615-1643
Carolin OttoFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Klemens RuprechtFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1962-6014
Tjalf ZiemssenFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8799-8202
Alexander EmmerFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Veit RothhammerFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Florian T NickelFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Klemens AngstwurmFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Ralf LinkerFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Sarah A LaurentFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Clemens WarnkeFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3510-9255
Sven JariusFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Mirjam Korporal-KuhnkeFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Brigitte WildemannFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Stephanie WolffFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0009-0001-1974-1090
Maria SeipeltFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Yavor YalachkovFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0805-771X
Nele RetzlaffFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Uwe K ZettlFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Paulus S RommerFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5209-6647
Markus C KowarikFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Jonathan WickelFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5854-3759
Christian GeisFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9859-581X
Martin W HümmertFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5928-2343
Corinna TrebstFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Makbule SenelFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
Ralf GoldFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7223-3052
Luisa KlotzFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5439-9633
Christoph KleinschnitzFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1650-8875
Sven G MeuthFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2571-3501
Orhan AktasFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2020-9210
Achim BertheleFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9650-6222
Ilya AyzenbergFrom the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.ORCID 0009-0007-9491-2180
German Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)From the Department of Neurology (M.R., K.F., S.G.M., O.A.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center; Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (S.A., F.P., J.B.-S.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (G.L.), Johanna Etienne Hospital, Neuss; Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (R.P., J.S., C.K.), University Medicine Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; Department of Neurology (L.R., L.K.), University Hospital, Münster; Department of Neurology (K.G., A.B.), School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar; Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS) (V.H.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Department of General Pediatrics (M.K.), Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (K.H., R.G., I.A.), St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum; Department of Neurology (C.O., K.R.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, Dresden; Department of Neurology (A.E.)Halle; Department of Neurology (V.R., F.T.N.), Erlangen; Department of Neurology (K.A., R.L.), Regensburg; Department of Neurology (S.A.L., C.W.), University Hospital, Köln; Department of Neurology (S.J., M.K.-K., B.W.), Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, University of Heidelberg; Department of Neurology (S.W.), Gießen; Department of Neurology (M.Seipelt), Marburg; Department of Neurology (Y.Y.), Frankfurt; Department of Neurology (N.R., U.K.Z.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Neurology (P.S.R.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (M.C.K.), University Hospital, Tübingen; Section of Translational Neuroimmunology (J.W., C.G.), Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital; Department of Neurology (M.W.H., C.T.), Hannover Medical School; and Department of Neurology (M.Senel), University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesAttack prevention is crucial in managing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Eculizumab (ECU), an inhibitor of the terminal complement cascade, was highly effective in preventing attacks in a phase III trial of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG seropositive(+) NMOSDs. In this article, we evaluated effectiveness and safety of ECU in routine clinical care.

methodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients with AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD treated with ECU between December 2014 and April 2022 at 20 German and 1 Austrian university center(s) of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) by chart review. Primary outcomes were effectiveness (assessed using annualized attack rate [AAR], MRI activity, and disability changes [Expanded Disability Status Scale {EDSS}]) and safety (including adverse events, mortality, and attacks after meningococcal vaccinations), analyzed by descriptive statistics.

resultsFifty-two patients (87% female, age 55.0 ± 16.3 years) received ECU for 16.2 (interquartile range [IQR] 9.6 - 21.7) months. Forty-five patients (87%) received meningococcal vaccination before starting ECU, 9 with concomitant oral prednisone and 36 without. Seven of the latter (19%) experienced attacks shortly after vaccination (median: 9 days, IQR 6-10 days). No postvaccinal attack occurred in the 9 patients vaccinated while on oral prednisone before starting ECU and in 25 (re-)vaccinated while on ECU. During ECU therapy, 88% of patients were attack-free. The median AAR decreased from 1.0 (range 0-4) in the 2 years preceding ECU to 0 (range 0-0.8; DISCUSSION: Eculizumab proved to be effective in preventing NMOSD attacks. An increased risk of attacks after meningococcal vaccination before ECU start and potentially fatal systemic infections during ECU-particularly in patients with comorbidities-must be considered. Further research is necessary to explore optimal timing for meningococcal vaccinations. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that eculizumab reduces annualized attack rates and new MRI lesions in AQP4-IgG+ patients with NMOSD.

Indexed as

Antibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedNeuromyelitis OpticaAdultAgedAquaporin 4Cohort StudiesComplement Inactivating AgentsFemaleHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMeningococcal VaccinesMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAquaporin 4Complement Inactivating AgentseculizumabMeningococcal Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID39353149
PMCPMC11449397

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