Evidence mapPaperPMID 39353723Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2025

Changes in food habits during the transition to retirement: the Whitehall II cohort study.

Hanna Lagström, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Chirsna Ravyse, Tasnime Akbaraly, Mika Kivimaki, Jaana Pentti, Sari Stenholm, Jenny Head

Abstract read
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Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Hanna LagströmUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland hanlag@utu.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5069-6582
Mirkka LahdenperäBiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-6284
Chirsna RavyseNorth-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Tasnime AkbaralyDevPsy, UMS 011 Inserm UVSQ, Paris, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2150-4190
Mika KivimakiDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-5627
Jaana PenttiUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Sari StenholmUniversity of Turku, Turku, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7560-0930
Jenny HeadDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, UCL, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-0872

Funding

Socio-economic status and heterogeneity in agingR01AG013196 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF NEUROLOGY · PI MARMOT, MICHAEL G, SINGH-MANOUX, ARCHANA · 1996 to 2013
$3.5M
Socioeconomic gradient in CHD in early old ageR01HL036310 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON · PI KIVIMAKI, MIKA J, MARMOT, MICHAEL G · 1986 to 2012
$3.1M
British Heart Foundation RG/13/2/30098NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL036310NIA NIH HHS R01 AG013196Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe transition to retirement is a significant turning point in life, which may lead to changes in food habits.

objectiveTo examine changes in red meat, fish, vegetables and fruit consumption during the retirement transition and whether these changes vary between sociodemographic groups.

methodsThe data were from the Whitehall II study, a cohort of 10 308 British civil servants aged 35-55 years at study induction (1985-1988). Data collection has taken place every 2-3 years. Food consumption (n=2484-2491) was assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire in the periods before (max. 16 years) and after retirement (max. 16 years). Changes in preretirement and postretirement consumption were compared in the total cohort and subgroups by sex, marital status, preretirement occupation status and financial hardship using linear regression analyses with generalised estimating equations.

resultsWeekly red meat consumption was stable before retirement but increased after retirement (p=0.02), especially among women, single and lower occupational status participants. Fish consumption increased during the follow-up and the increase was steeper before retirement than postretirement period (p=0.02). Vegetable and fruit consumption also increased during the entire follow-up, but more strongly during preretirement than postretirement period (p<0.001 for both).

conclusionThe transition to retirement is accompanied by favourable (increase in fruit, vegetable and fish) and unfavourable (increase in red meat) dietary changes, varied to some extent by sex, marital status and preretirement occupational status. Our findings suggest that attention should be paid to this transitional phase to promote eating habits in accordance with the recommendations for retirement.

Indexed as

DietFeeding BehaviorRetirementAdultAnimalsCohort StudiesFemaleFruitHumansMaleMiddle AgedSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomVegetablesAGINGDEMOGRAPHYDIETNUTRITION

Identifiers

PMID39353723
PMCPMC11874461

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.