ArticleScientific reports2024
Sex differences in the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reactive carbonyl species in health and chronic disease: from methylglyoxal to an integrative network of metabolic regulation.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Review
- Selective deletion ofiScience · 2026Article
- Association Between Cardiometabolic Index and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- One year of hyperglycemia in the Ins2Akita mouse does not impart changes in retinal vascular patterning.PloS one · 2026Article
- Sex-specific threshold effect of albumin-corrected fructosamine on diabetic retinopathy: a nonlinear relationship in women but linear in men - a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Blindness due to Diabetic Retinopathy, 1990-2021.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Association between life's crucial 9 and major eye diseases among US adults aged 40 years or older.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Female sex hormones exacerbate retinal neurodegeneration.Science advances · 2025Article
- Development of targeted drugs for diabetic retinopathy using Mendelian randomized pharmacogenomics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Growth factor and hypoxia-inducible factor alpha content in the retina of male Wistar rats in experimental diabetic retinopathy and the effect of cellular protein kinase blockade.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the impact of controlling nutritional status score on diabetic retinopathy: findings of 2003-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the role of female sex in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In the retinae of female Ins2Akita-diabetic mice (F-IA), ovariectomized female Ins2Akita-diabetic mice (F-IA/OVX), male Ins2Akita-diabetic mice (M-IA), and female STZ-diabetic mice (F-STZ), the formation of reactive metabolites and post-translational modifications, damage to the neurovascular unit, and expression of cellular stress response genes were analyzed. Compared to the male diabetic retina, the concentrations of the glycation adduct fructosyl-lysine, the Maillard product 3-deoxyglucosone, and the reactive metabolite methylglyoxal were significantly reduced in females. In females, there was also less evidence of diabetic damage to the neurovascular unit, as shown by decreased pericyte loss and reduced microglial activation. In the male diabetic retina, the expression of several members of the crystallin gene family (Cryab, Cryaa, Crybb2, Crybb1, and Cryba4) was increased. Clinical data from type 1 diabetic females showed that premenopausal women had a significantly lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy compared to postmenopausal women stratified for disease duration and glycemic control. These data emphasize the importance of estradiol in protecting the diabetic retina and highlight the pathogenic relevance of sex in diabetic retinopathy.
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