ReviewESMO open2024
Window of opportunity trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer.
Review in ESMO open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Long-term outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer after a pathologic complete response: does the type of neoadjuvant therapy matter?Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy, safety, and PD-L1-defined outcomes of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Modifying Epigenetic Landscapes to Restore Immune Therapeutic Responses in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Bioactive Natural Compounds in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Radiation-induced autophagy regulates fibroblast mitochondrial metabolism and crosstalk with triple-negative breast cancer cells.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Biomarker-driven neoadjuvant immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: emerging therapeutic targets FOXP3 and WT1.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mapping the Brazilian scientific output in oncology: a bibliometric study on cancer research.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer Treatments: Drugs Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway, TNBC Therapy and Future Directions: A Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Interpretable Machine Learning for Predicting Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer Using the Baseline Clinical and Pathological Characteristics.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Talazoparib and radiation enhance the senolytic efficacy of venetoclax in therapy-induced senescent triple-negative breast cancer cells.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- Delphi consensus on the management of adverse events in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer treated with sacituzumab govitecan.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Lutetium-177 labeled iPD-L1 as a novel immunomodulator for cancer-targeted radiotherapy.EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2025Article
- Electroacupuncture combined with HDAC1 inhibitor suppress tumor growth via improving the recruitment of intratumor CD8Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have a relatively poor clinical outcome. The immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy is the current standard of care in TNBC patients with stage II and III. Monotherapy with ICIs has not been comprehensively assessed in the neoadjuvant setting in TNBC patients, given unfavorable results in metastatic trials. ICIs, however, have been tested in the window of opportunity (WOO) before surgery or standard chemotherapy-based neoadjuvant treatment. The WOO design is well suited to assess an ICI alone or in combination with other ICIs, targeted therapy, radiotherapy or cryotherapy, and measure their pharmacodynamic and clinical effect in this treatment-naive population. Some patients show a good response to ICIs in WOO studies. Biomarkers like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, programmed death ligand-1, and interferon-γ signature may predict activity and may identify patients likely to benefit from ICIs. Moreover, an increase in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, programmed death ligand-1 expression or T cell receptor expansion following administration of ICIs in the WOO setting could potentially inform of immunotherapy benefit, which would allow tailoring further treatment. This article reviews WOO trials that assessed immunotherapy in the early-stage TNBC population, and how these results could be translated to test de-escalation strategies of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy without compromising a patient's prognosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.