Trial reportAlzheimer's research & therapy2024
Inflammatory proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease reduced by a GLP1 receptor agonist: a post hoc analysis of the EXSCEL randomized placebo controlled trial.
Trial report in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01144338 (Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering Trial (EXSCEL). A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes After Treatment With Exenatide Once Weekly in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The pharmacodynamics-based prophylactic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors on neurodegenerative diseases: evidence from a network meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Phenome-wide analysis of downstream health outcomes following second-line antidiabetic agent prescriptions in All of Us.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- The promise of GLP-1 receptor agonists for neurodegenerative diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and COVID-19: Microglia-Neutrophil Interaction.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Relationships between heritable dementia risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors in young adulthood, and midlife neuropsychological outcomes.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Repurposing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for Parkinson's disease prevention: A drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Repurposing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.Nature aging · 2026Review
- The expanding landscape of GLP-1 medicines.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- Central neuropeptides as key modulators of astrocyte function in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.Psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for major neurocognitive disorders.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Real-world comparative outcomes of GLP-1 RA and semaglutide prescription among individuals with type 2 diabetes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Risk of Hearing Loss in Patients Treated with Exendin-4 Derivatives: A Network Meta-Analysis of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Recent advances in incretin-based therapy for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated to the type 2 diabetes mellitus: preclinical and clinical studies - a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- GLP-1R as a potential link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- The Beneficial Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Other than Their Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Obesity Properties.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's Disease as Type 3 Diabetes: Understanding the Link and Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Semaglutide attenuates a proteomics-based dementia risk signature in older adults with overweight or obesity and cardiovascular disease without diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the SELECT phase 3 trial.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGlucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are a viable option for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the mechanisms of this potential disease modifying action are unclear. We investigated the effects of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on AD associated proteomic clusters.
methodsThe Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering study compared the cardiovascular effects of EQW 2 mg with placebo in 13,752 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 4,979 proteins were measured (Somascan V0.4) on baseline and 1-year plasma samples of 3,973 participants. C-reactive protein (CRP), ficolin-2 (FCN2), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (sVCAM1) and 4 protein clusters were tested in multivariable mixed models.
resultsEQW affected FCN2 (Cohen's d -0.019), PAI-1 (Cohen's d -0.033), sVCAM-1 (Cohen's d 0.035) and a cytokine-cytokine cluster (Cohen's d 0.037) significantly compared with placebo. These effects were sustained in individuals over the age of 65 but not in those under 65.
conclusionsEQW treatment was associated with significant change in inflammatory proteins associated with AD.
trial registrationEXSCEL is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01144338 on 10th of June 2010.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.