ReviewAPL bioengineering2024
Scaffold-free 3D culture systems for stem cell-based tissue regeneration.
Review in APL bioengineering, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Recent Trends in Tissue Engineering Strategies for Uterine Endometrial Regeneration: a Systematic Review.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Pooled it
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Scaffold-Based and Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Zein-Ceria Hybrid Microparticles Enable Long-Term ROS-Scavenging Oxygenation for Osteogenic Microtissues Engineering.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- From monolayer to organoids and multi-organ microphysiological systems: advancing regenerative medicine and precision therapies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- 3D HucMSCs derived extracellular vesicles enhanced therapeutic efficacy in treating intrauterine adhesions via BECN1 delivery.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Recapitulating Endochondral Ossification for Bone Repair: From Development to Engineering Strategy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Engineering Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids and Brain Organoids: Advanced 3D Culture Platforms for Neurodegenerative Disease Cell Therapy.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional (3D) culture-primed placental mesenchymal stem cells decrease cellular heterogeneity, significantly enhancing osteogenesis via improving mitochondrial function.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Advanced Strategies in the Repair of Alveolar Cleft Defects: Biological Approaches, Biomaterials, and Future Perspectives.Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · 2026Review
- Scaffold-free cell sheet therapies: clinical advances, global approval landscapes, and strategic directions to address regenerative medicine barriers.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- High-Throughput 3D Bioprinted Organoids of Skin Cancer Utilized for Diagnosis and Personalized Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Hanging drop culture reprograms mesenchymal stem cell transcriptome to enhance cell delivery efficiency via attenuated pulmonary entrapment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Cell condensation initiates organogenesis: the role of actin dynamics in supracellular self-organizing process.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Senescence of dental pulp stem cells: phenotypes, underlying mechanisms and regulatory molecules.Human cell · 2025Review
- A platform for Bioengineering Tissue Membranes from cell spheroids.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Scaffold-Free Strategies in Dental Pulp/Dentine Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Implications for Regenerative Biological Processes.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cartilage organoids: an emerging platform for novel osteoarthritis therapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Medical embryology and regenerative medicine: research and applications in clinical practice.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Integrating single-cell and spheroid strategies in tissue engineering: Comparative insights from pancreas, cartilage, heart and brain.Journal of tissue engineeringReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent advances in scaffold-free three-dimensional (3D) culture methods have significantly enhanced the potential of stem cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. This cutting-edge technology circumvents the use of exogenous biomaterial and prevents its associated complications. The 3D culture system preserves crucial intercellular interactions and extracellular matrix support, closely mimicking natural biological niches. Therefore, stem cells cultured in 3D formats exhibit distinct characteristics, showcasing their capabilities in promoting angiogenesis and immunomodulation. This review aims to elucidate foundational technologies and recent breakthroughs in 3D scaffold-free stem cell engineering, offering comprehensive guidance for researchers to advance this technology across various clinical applications. We first introduce the various sources of stem cells and provide a comparative analysis of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D culture systems. Given the advantages of 3D culture systems, we delve into the specific fabrication and harvesting techniques for cell sheets and spheroids. Furthermore, we explore their applications in pre-clinical studies, particularly in large animal models and clinical trials. We also discuss multidisciplinary strategies to overcome existing limitations such as insufficient efficacy, hostile microenvironments, and the need for scalability and standardization of stem cell-based products.
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.