ArticleScience immunology2024
Maintenance of X chromosome inactivation after T cell activation requires NF-κB signaling.
Article in Science immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Higher disease reactivation risk in women after fingolimod withdrawal.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Pooled it
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Machine learning reveals X chromosome transcriptional signatures that classify systemic lupus erythematosus in females.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Xist RNA dependent and independent mechanisms regulate dynamic X chromosome inactivation in B lymphocytes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Article
- The X Factor in Immunity: Sex Differences Shaped by the X Chromosome.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Grand challenges in sex differences in immunology: problems the field must solve before biological sex can guide clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Incomplete penetrance in inborn errors of immunity: A skeleton in the closet-The sequel.Journal of human immunity · 2025Review
- The Inactive X Chromosome: A Genetic Driver of Female-Biased Rheumatic Autoimmune Disorders?European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- More X's, more problems: how contributions from the X chromosomes enhance female predisposition for autoimmunity.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Sex as a biological variable in ageing: insights and perspectives on the molecular and cellular hallmarks.Open biology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation (XCI) balances X-linked gene dosage between sexes. Unstimulated T cells lack cytological enrichment of X-inactive specific transcript (Xist) RNA and heterochromatic modifications on the inactive X chromosome (Xi), which are involved in maintenance of XCI, and these modifications return to the Xi after stimulation. Here, we examined allele-specific gene expression and epigenomic profiles of the Xi in T cells. We found that the Xi in unstimulated T cells is largely dosage compensated and enriched with the repressive H3K27me3 modification but not the H2AK119-ubiquitin (Ub) mark. Upon T cell stimulation mediated by both CD3 and CD28, the Xi accumulated H2AK119-Ub at gene regions of previous H3K27me3 enrichment. T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, specifically NF-κB signaling downstream of the TCR, was required for Xist RNA localization to the Xi. Disruption of NF-κB signaling in mouse and human T cells using genetic deletion, chemical inhibitors, and patients with immunodeficiencies prevented Xist/XIST RNA accumulation at the Xi and altered X-linked gene expression. Our findings reveal a previously undescribed connection between NF-κB signaling pathways, which affects XCI maintenance in T cells in females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.