ArticleScientific reports2024
Exploring the role of TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-6 serum levels in categorical and noncategorical models of mood and psychosis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists for Psychiatric Symptoms: A Systematic Review.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Gut-brain axis disruption, intestinal barrier damage, and systemic inflammation as predictors of POCD after cholecystectomy: a nested case-control study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Inflammatory and Oxidative Biological Profiles in Mental Disorders: Perspectives on Diagnostics and Personalized Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Roots of Progress: Uncovering Cerebellar Ataxias Using iPSC Models.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Peripheral inflammation and neurocognitive functioning in early psychosis: Specific associations of TNF-α and IL-6 with social cognition.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Large-Scale Meta-Analysis of TNF-α rs1800629 Polymorphism in Schizophrenia: Evidence from 7,624 Cases and 8,933 Controls.Medeniyet medical journal · 2025Article
- Mental Illness Strikes at the Heart: Impact of Psychiatric Diseases on Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychotic and mood disorders are discussed as part of the same continuum. The potential role of immune dysregulation in defining their clinical presentations, however, remains unclear. Differences in TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β levels were investigated in 143 patients with schizophrenia (SCH = 63) and bipolar disorder (BD = 80), in remission. Cytokines were evaluated against the dimensional assessment of psychosis and affective symptoms using the schizo-bipolar scale, together with the severity of the same symptom domains measured by the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS). Lower TGF-β was associated with more lifetime episodes, family risk for psychosis, and more severe mood and psychotic symptoms in all patients. BPRS Affect symptoms domain correlated with lower TGF-β levels in BD, and higher TGF-β levels in SCH patients. Using moderated mediation analysis, TGF-β was a relevant predictor only in the setting of non-categorical symptom distribution, with familial risk for psychosis confirmed as a significant moderator. Severity of BPRS Affect symptoms domain was an independent predictor of inclination towards the psychosis spectrum. The underlying immune dysregulation may be shared by the disorders, rather than a unique characteristic of each, having significant implications for our understanding of the continuum vs. categorical approach to psychosis and mood disorders.
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