Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39370939›Full record

ReviewAllergy2024

The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases.

Na Sun, Ismail Ogulur, Yasutaka Mitamura, Duygu Yazici, Yagiz Pat, Xiangting Bu, Manru Li, Xueyi Zhu, Huseyn Babayev, Sena Ardicli and 36 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Allergy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Old and emerging therapies for childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD): a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
    Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Update on biologic and small molecules treatments in pediatric allergic diseases.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Behind the scenes: Primary immunodeficiencies in pediatric eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
  13. Use of Antihistamine Drugs in Colitis: A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Effects of Common Food Additives Kappa-, Iota- and Lambda-Carrageenans on Intestinal Epithelial Cell Activation and Barrier Disruption.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

46 authors.

Na SunSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9936-6907
Ismail OgulurSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8282-7762
Yasutaka MitamuraSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6389-9285
Duygu YaziciSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9094-6542
Yagiz PatSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4268-4933
Xiangting BuSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Manru LiSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Xueyi ZhuSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Huseyn BabayevSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6985-9436
Sena ArdicliSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2758-5945
Ozge ArdicliSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6077-0478
Paolo D'AvinoSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Ayca KiykimSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5821-3963
Milena SokolowskaSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-9710-6685
Willem van de VeenSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.
Lukas WeidmannDepartment of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0001-4948-0995
Deniz AkdisDepartment of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4561-3540
Banu Goker OzdemirObstetrician and Gynecologist, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID 0009-0005-5220-0869
Marie Charlotte BrüggenChristine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8607-6254
Luc BiedermannDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0824-4125
Alex StraumannDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Andrea KreienbühlDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Emma Guttman-YasskyDepartment of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9363-324X
Alexandra F SantosDepartment of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7805-1436
Stefano Del GiaccoDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-4517-1749
Claudia Traidl-HoffmannEnvironmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5085-5179
David J JacksonGuy's Severe Asthma Centre, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2299-868X
De-Yun WangDepartment of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-0909-2963
Antti LauermaDepartment of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-5078-3547
Heimo BreitenederDepartment of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID 0000-0003-2022-8689
Luo ZhangDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0910-9884
Liam O'MahonyDepartment of Medicine and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0003-4705-3583
Oliver PfaarDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4374-9639
Robyn O'HehirAllergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-3489-7595
Thomas EiweggerTranslational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Wytske J FokkensDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0003-4852-229X
Beatriz CabanillasDepartment of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-5351-8140
Cevdet OzdemirDepartment of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0002-9284-4520
Walter KistlerDepartment of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9289-6953
Mahmut BayikDepartment of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0003-3185-8520
Kari C NadeauDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2146-2955
Maria J TorresAllergy Unit, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-ARADyAL, UMA, Málaga, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5228-471X
Mübeccel AkdisSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0554-9943
Marek JutelDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Ioana AgacheFaculty of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania.ORCID 0000-0001-7994-364X
Cezmi A AkdisSwiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8020-019X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, over 350,000 new chemical substances have been introduced to the lives of humans. In recent years, the epithelial barrier theory came to light explaining the growing prevalence and exacerbations of these diseases worldwide. It attributes their onset to a functionally impaired epithelial barrier triggered by the toxicity of the exposed substances, associated with microbial dysbiosis, immune system activation, and inflammation. Diseases encompassed by the epithelial barrier theory share common features such as an increased prevalence after the 1960s or 2000s that cannot (solely) be accounted for by the emergence of improved diagnostic methods. Other common traits include epithelial barrier defects, microbial dysbiosis with loss of commensals and colonization of opportunistic pathogens, and circulating inflammatory cells and cytokines. In addition, practically unrelated diseases that fulfill these criteria have started to emerge as multimorbidities during the last decades. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of diseases encompassed by the epithelial barrier theory and discuss evidence and similarities for their epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, epithelial barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and tissue inflammation.

Indexed as

DysbiosisAnimalsDisease SusceptibilityEpitheliumGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansInflammationepidemiologyepithelial barrierepithelial barrier dysfunctioninflammationmicrobial dysbiosis

Identifiers

PMID39370939
PMCPMC11657050

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.