ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2025
Somatic and mental symptoms associated with dysglycaemia, diabetes-related complications and mental conditions in people with diabetes: Assessments in daily life using continuous glucose monitoring and ecological momentary assessment.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The dynamic interrelationships of diabetes distress uncovered by ecological momentary assessment: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- To assess the impact of individualized strategy and continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control and mental health in pregnant women with diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Trial
- Ecological Momentary Assessment of Person-Reported Outcomes in Diabetes: Unlocking Insights with Continuous Glucose Monitoring and the Potential for Precision Medicine.Current diabetes reports · 2026Review
- The role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in psychiatric symptom management.CNS spectrums · 2025Review
- Continuous glucose monitoring combined with artificial intelligence: redefining the pathway for prediabetes management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Somatic and mental symptoms associated with dysglycaemia, diabetes-related complications and mental conditions in people with diabetes: Assessments in daily life using continuous glucose monitoring and ecological momentary assessment.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Editorial: Continuous glucose monitoring: beyond diabetes management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo analyse the potential drivers (glucose level, complications, diabetes type, gender, age and mental health) of diabetes symptoms using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and ecological momentary assessment. MATERIALS AND
methodsParticipants used a smartphone application to rate 25 diabetes symptoms in their daily lives over 8 days. These symptoms were grouped into four blocks so that each symptom was rated six times on 2 days (noon, afternoon and evening). The symptom ratings were associated with the glucose levels for the previous 2 hours, measured with CGM. Linear mixed-effects models were used, allowing for nested random effects and the conduct of N = 1 analysis of individual associations.
resultsIn total, 192 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 179 with type 2 diabetes completed 6380 app check-ins. Four symptoms showed a significant negative association with glucose values, indicating higher ratings at lower glucose (speech difficulties, P = .003; coordination problems, P = .00005; confusion, P = .049; and food cravings, P = .0003). Four symptoms showed a significant positive association with glucose values, indicating higher scores at higher glucose (thirst, P = .0001; urination, P = .0003; taste disturbances, P = .021; and itching, P = .0120). There were also significant positive associations between microangiopathy and eight symptoms. Elevated depression and diabetes distress were associated with higher symptom scores. N = 1 analysis showed highly idiosyncratic associations between symptom reports and glucose levels.
conclusionsThe N = 1 analysis facilitated the creation of personalized symptom profiles related to glucose levels with consideration of factors such as complications, gender, body mass index, depression and diabetes distress. This approach can enhance precision monitoring for diabetes symptoms in precision medicine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.