Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39394152›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal for equity in health2024

Gender disparity in prevalence of mental health issues in Kerala: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kizhessery Rahna, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Haseena Chekrain Valappil, Jahnavi Subramanian, Gopal Ashish Sharma, Bijaya K Padhi

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal for equity in health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Kizhessery Rahna *Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India. rahnak15@gmail.com.
Muhammad Aaqib Shamim *Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
Haseena Chekrain Valappil *Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
Jahnavi SubramanianDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India.
Gopal Ashish SharmaMedical Superintendent Office, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India.
Bijaya K PadhiDepartment of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundKerala is a state in south India, appreciated for its education, better health indicators and quality of life. However, there is a proportionately high prevalence of mental health illnesses and suicides reported in the state. It is unclear if there is any disparity in the gender categories in this. With this systematic review, we aim to systematically study the gender disparity in the prevalence of mental health (MH) issues among adolescents, younger and older adults in Kerala.

methodsA search strategy was built and several databases like Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and ProQuest were used alongside grey literature to identify relevant articles. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines following a prespecified protocol. After relevant data extraction, the estimates were pooled using random effects model due to the high heterogeneity assessed by tau-squared, Cochran Q, and prediction interval. Subgroup analyses, and meta-regression were used to reduce heterogeneity. We also identified the influence and heterogeneity contributed by individual studies using influence plots, Baujat plot, clustering, and performed several sensitivity analyses.

resultsTwenty articles were included in the review and meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio of mental health illnesses amongst females compared to males in Kerala was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.0 - 1.73) and falls within a prediction interval of 0.38 to 4.53. The individual studies showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 92%, p = p < 0.01) and hence, subgroup analysis was done for several prespecified subgroups based on etiology, geography, demography, study settings, and age groups. Heterogeneity was significantly reduced by subgrouping based on etiology, study setting and age (p, 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001). In etiologic subgrouping the highest pooled odds was in comorbidities associated MH issues (2.54) and least in non-specific (0.97). In age subgrouping, the highest pooled odds was in elderly (2.53) and least in adolescents (0.63). The odds was highest in health care facility (2.21) and least in educational institution (0.78) based studies. Meta-regression based on the size of the study failed to reduce heterogeneity. INTERPRETATIONS: A gender disparity was evident in the prevalence of mental health issues, with a higher Odds in females especially among the elderly and adults. A Gender transformative approach in legislative, health systems and policy frameworks will be the answer to this.

Indexed as

Mental DisordersMental HealthAdolescentAdultFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansIndiaMalePrevalenceSex FactorsYoung AdultAdolescentAdultElderlyGender disparitiesGeographic patternsInequalitiesKeralaMental health

Identifiers

PMID39394152
PMCPMC11468098

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.