Evidence mapPaperPMID 39394534Full record

ArticleJournal of medical systems2024

Doing Justice: Ethical Considerations Identifying and Researching Transgender and Gender Diverse People in Insurance Claims Data.

Ash B Alpert, Gray Babbs, Rebecca Sanaeikia, Jacqueline Ellison, Landon Hughes, Jonathan Herington, Robin Dembroff

Abstract readLetter
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical systems, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. A scoping review of models to identify transgender patients in electronic health records.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ash B Alpert *Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar Street, WWW 205, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. ash.alpert@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-898X
Gray Babbs *Department of Philosophy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
Rebecca SanaeikiaDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Jacqueline EllisonDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Landon HughesDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Jonathan HeringtonDepartment of Health Humanities and Bioethics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Robin DembroffDepartment of Philosophy, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Funding

Evaluating Reproductive Health Policy in Medicaid Populations: Application of Novel Methods for Heterogenous Treatment Effect EstimationK01MD020010 · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2025 to 2025
$133k
AHRQ HHS T32 HS000011AHRQ HHS T32HS000011National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities,United States K01MD020010NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR00200108NIMHD NIH HHS K01 MD020010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Data on the health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are scarce. Researchers are increasingly turning to insurance claims data to investigate disease burden among TGD people. Since claims do not include gender self-identification or modality (i.e., TGD or not), researchers have developed algorithms to attempt to identify TGD individuals using diagnosis, procedure, and prescription codes, sometimes also inferring sex assigned at birth and gender. Claims-based algorithms introduce epistemological and ethical complexities that have yet to be addressed in data informatics, epidemiology, or health services research. We discuss the implications of claims-based algorithms to identify and categorize TGD populations, including perpetuating cisnormative biases and dismissing TGD individuals' self-identification. Using the framework of epistemic injustice, we outline ethical considerations when undertaking claims-based TGD health research and provide suggestions to minimize harms and maximize benefits to TGD individuals and communities.

Indexed as

Insurance Claim ReviewTransgender PersonsAlgorithmsFemaleHumansMaleSocial JusticeAdministrative DataEpistemic InjusticeEthicsInsurance Claim ReviewTransgender Persons

Identifiers

PMID39394534
PMCPMC11469973

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.