Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39399829›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2024

Current Updates of CRISPR/Cas System and Anti-CRISPR Proteins: Innovative Applications to Improve the Genome Editing Strategies.

Khaled S Allemailem, Ahmad Almatroudi, Faris Alrumaihi, Arwa Essa Alradhi, Abdulrahman Theyab, Mohammad Algahtani, Mohmmed Othman Alhawas, Gasim Dobie, Amira A Moawad, Arshad Husain Rahmani and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Mechanism of Cas9 inhibition by AcrIIA11.Nucleic acids research · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Khaled S AllemailemDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-6486-9835
Ahmad AlmatroudiDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-1491-6402
Faris AlrumaihiDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0850-5500
Arwa Essa AlradhiGeneral Administration for Infectious Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 12382, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman TheyabDepartment of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad AlgahtaniDepartment of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia.
Mohmmed Othman AlhawasUyun Aljawa General Hospital, Qassim Health Cluster, Qassim 52767, Saudi Arabia.
Gasim DobieDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Gizan, 82911, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-9225-1709
Amira A MoawadFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Jena 07743, Germany.
Arshad Husain RahmaniDepartment of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Amjad Ali KhanDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated sequence (CRISPR/Cas) system is a cutting-edge genome-editing tool employed to explore the functions of normal and disease-related genes. The CRISPR/Cas system has a remarkable diversity in the composition and architecture of genomic loci and Cas protein sequences. Owing to its excellent efficiency and specificity, this system adds an outstanding dimension to biomedical research on genetic manipulation of eukaryotic cells. However, safe, efficient, and specific delivery of this system to target cells and tissues and their off-target effects are considered critical bottlenecks for the therapeutic applications. Recently discovered anti-CRISPR proteins (Acr) play a significant role in limiting the effects of this system. Acrs are relatively small proteins that are highly specific to CRISPR variants and exhibit remarkable structural diversity. The in silico approaches, crystallography, and cryo-electron microscopy play significant roles in elucidating the mechanisms of action of Acrs. Acrs block the CRISPR/Cas system mainly by employing four mechanisms: CRISPR/Cas complex assembly interruption, target-binding interference, target cleavage prevention, and degradation of cyclic oligonucleotide signaling molecules. Engineered CRISPR/Cas systems are frequently used in gene therapy, diagnostics, and functional genomics. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying Acr action may help in the safe and effective use of CRISPR/Cas tools for genetic modification, particularly in the context of medicine. Thus, attempts to regulate prokaryotic CRISPR/Cas surveillance complexes will advance the development of antimicrobial drugs and treatment of human diseases. In this review, recent updates on CRISPR/Cas systems, especially CRISPR/Cas9 and Acrs, and their novel mechanistic insights are elaborated. In addition, the role of Acrs in the novel applications of CRISPP/Cas biotechnology for precise genome editing and other applications is discussed.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsGene EditingAnimalsCRISPR-Associated ProteinsGenetic TherapyHumansCRISPR-Associated Proteinsanti-CRISPR proteinsbiotechnologyCRISPR/Casenzyme inhibitiongene editingprotein inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID39399829
PMCPMC11471075

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.