ArticleJournal of advanced research2025
Food inflammation index reveals the key inflammatory components in foods and heterogeneity within food groups: How do we choose food?
Article in Journal of advanced research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Role of Insulin Resistance in Mediating the Association Between Proinflammatory Diets and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
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- Food inflammation index and risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a nationally representative cohort study from NHANES 1999-2018.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigating the association between the food inflammation scores of individuals and stroke in adults: an extreme gradient boosting machine learning model interpreted with shapley additive explanations.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- MIND-NL diet adherence moderates the relation of low-grade systemic inflammation with neuroinflammatory metabolites and cognitive functioning: an exploratory cross-sectional study in older adults.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Serum Inflammatory Markers and Dietary Inflammatory Index in Obese Individuals With Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Association between hypertension and dietary inflammatory index among adults: a cross-sectional study in Hainan, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The impact of dietary inflammation index on benign prostatic hyperplasia: insights from patient data and animal models.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- From nutrient-based to food-based assessment: the evolution of inflammatory indices and their significance for metabolic syndrome and type 3 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Modulating the Bioavailability and Bioaccessibility of Polyphenolic Compounds and Enhancing Health-Promoting Properties Through the Addition of Herbal Extracts to a Functional Beverage.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrated Metagenomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveal a Microbiota-Metabolite Axis Associated with Gallstone Pathogenesis.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Higher Food Inflammation Index Is Linearly Associated With Higher Risk of MASLD: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the NHANES (1999-2020).Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and mortality in cancer survivors: a Nationwide study with mediation and subgroup analyses.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association between dietary index for gut microbiota and self-reported severe headache or migraine in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of dietary inflammatory index and oxidative balance score with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US non-diabetic adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFood is a critical factor of chronic inflammation. Few studies tried to quantize inflammatory effects of food. Moreover, the discrepancies in inflammatory effects among foods within the same food group are frequently ignored.
objectivesThis study aimed to compare inflammatory effects of food based on Food Composition Tables via a Food Inflammation Index (FII). We aimed to reveal heterogeneity within food groups in dietary guidelines and identify the key components.
methodsThe FII was adapted from Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) with a weighted algorithm, validated by NHANES.The Food Inflammation Scores of Individuals (FISI) of various dietary patterns were analyzed and compared. FII scores were converted to percentages for intuitive grading using the United States Department of Agriculture Food Composition Table (USDA-FCT), and China-FCT was also used for validation.The FII scores of various food groups based on USDA-FCT and dietary guidelines were counted and compared to reveal the heterogeneity within food groups.
resultsFII proves effective in delineating food inflammatory effects. It reveals substantial inflammatory risk even with adherence to the Mediterranean diet, highlighting the need to address intra-group heterogeneity. Within USDA-FCT, nuts and select vegetable oils (rich in flavonoids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) are notable anti-inflammatory foods, contrasting with pro-inflammatory meats high in saturated fats. According to the current dietary nutrition guidelines, the inflammatory effects of food groups vary greatly. Further subdivision of food groups can weaken the problem of heterogeneity within food groups, thereby providing more accurate dietary recommendations.
conclusionQuantifying the inflammatory effects of whole foods is important for general consumers to realize their own dietary inflammatory exposure risk. The FII reveals the heterogeneity within food groups and can be a reference for dietary recommendations. This public tool could be beneficial for consumer choice, dietary guideline revision, science research for healthier eating.
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